7.1 Introduction
Describing people and objects is an important skill in English communication. Whether you are introducing someone, explaining what something looks like, or giving details about an item, knowing the right vocabulary and sentence structures can help you communicate clearly.
In this chapter, you will learn:
✔️ How to describe a person’s appearance, personality, and emotions.
✔️ How to describe objects using size, shape, color, material, and purpose.
✔️ Useful adjectives and sentence structures for better descriptions.
7.2 Describing People
When describing people, we generally focus on three main aspects:
- Physical Appearance – What the person looks like.
- Personality Traits – How the person behaves.
- Emotions and Feelings – How the person feels at a particular moment.
7.2.1 Describing Physical Appearance
To describe someone’s physical appearance, we use adjectives related to:
✅ Height: tall, short, medium height
✅ Build (Body Type): slim, muscular, chubby, fit
✅ Hair: curly, straight, wavy, bald, long, short
✅ Facial Features: round face, sharp nose, big eyes, thick eyebrows
✅ Age: young, middle-aged, elderly
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| What does she look like? | She is tall and slim with curly hair. |
| How does he look? | He has a muscular body and a square face. |
| Can you describe your teacher? | She is middle-aged with short black hair. |
Example Conversation
👩 A: Can you describe your best friend?
👨 B: Yes! He is tall, has short brown hair, and wears glasses.
7.2.2 Describing Personality Traits
Personality traits describe how a person behaves or interacts with others.
✅ Positive Traits: kind, intelligent, hardworking, friendly, confident, honest
✅ Negative Traits: rude, lazy, selfish, impatient, careless
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| How is your new boss? | He is very professional and friendly. |
| What kind of person is she? | She is very kind and helpful. |
Example Conversation
👨 A: What is your brother like?
👩 B: He is very funny and intelligent.
7.2.3 Describing Emotions and Feelings
To describe emotions, we use adjectives such as:
✅ Happy emotions: excited, cheerful, relaxed, proud
✅ Sad emotions: upset, disappointed, lonely, anxious
✅ Other emotions: nervous, confused, surprised, angry
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| How do you feel today? | I feel excited about my new job! |
| Why does he look sad? | Because he lost his wallet. |
Example Conversation
👩 A: Why do you look nervous?
👨 B: I have an exam tomorrow!
7.3 Describing Objects
When describing objects, we focus on:
- Size and Shape
- Color
- Material
- Purpose/Function
7.3.1 Describing Size and Shape
✅ Size: small, medium, large, tiny, huge
✅ Shape: round, square, rectangular, oval
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| How big is the table? | It is quite large. |
| What shape is the clock? | It is round. |
Example Conversation
👨 A: What does your new phone look like?
👩 B: It is small and rectangular with a black frame.
7.3.2 Describing Color
✅ Common Colors: red, blue, green, yellow, white, black
✅ Shades: light blue, dark green, bright red
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| What color is your bag? | It is brown. |
| What does her dress look like? | It’s a long, bright red dress. |
7.3.3 Describing Material
✅ Common Materials:
- Wooden – chair, table, door
- Metal – keys, jewelry, spoon
- Glass – window, bottle, mirror
- Plastic – bottle, bag, container
- Cotton/Wool – clothes, blankets, socks
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| What is this box made of? | It is made of wood. |
| Is this bottle plastic or glass? | It is made of glass. |
Example Conversation
👨 A: What is your watch made of?
👩 B: It is made of metal and leather.
7.3.4 Describing Purpose and Function
✅ Examples:
- A pen is used for writing.
- A mirror is used to see your reflection.
- A mobile phone is used for calling and texting.
| Question | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| What is this tool used for? | It is used for cutting wood. |
| What does a refrigerator do? | It keeps food cold and fresh. |
7.4 Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
- My best friend is ________ (tall/short) and has ________ (black/blonde) hair.
- This bag is made of ________ (wood/leather).
- The clock is ________ (round/square) and ________ (red/blue).
Exercise 2: Speaking Practice
- Describe a person in your family.
- Describe your favorite object (mobile, book, laptop, etc.).
Exercise 3: Writing Practice
Write a short paragraph describing your favorite celebrity. Include details about their appearance, personality, and profession.
7.5 Summary of Key Points
✅ Describing people involves talking about physical appearance, personality, and emotions.
✅ Describing objects includes size, shape, color, material, and purpose.
✅ Using the right adjectives makes descriptions more clear and detailed.
✅ Practice describing people and objects daily to improve your English fluency.