1. Our Earth: Continents and Oceans​

🌍 Chapter 1: Our Earth — Continents & Oceans (Class 5 TREK)

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📚 20 Most Important Words & Meanings (Simple Hindi)

Wordसरल हिन्दी अर्थ Wordसरल हिन्दी अर्थ
Continentबड़ा भू-भाग/महाद्वीपOceanबहुत बड़ा खारा जल-सागर
Hemisphereधरती का आधा भाग (उत्तरी/दक्षिणी)Equatorधरती के बीचों-बीच खींची काल्पनिक रेखा
Latitudeपूर्व-पश्चिम चलने वाली काल्पनिक रेखाएँLongitudeउत्तर-दक्षिण चलने वाली रेखाएँ
Islandचारों तरफ पानी से घिरा भू-भागIsthmusदो भूमि-भागों को जोड़ने वाली सँकरी भूमि
Canalमनुष्य द्वारा बनाया गया जल-मार्गStraitदो समुद्रों को जोड़ने वाली सँकरी धारा
Desertकम वर्षा वाला सूखा क्षेत्र/रेगिस्तानRainforestबहुत वर्षा वाला सघन वन
Glacierघना जमा हुआ बर्फ का पहाड़Trenchसमुद्र की बहुत गहरी खाई
Peninsulaतीन ओर से पानी, एक ओर भूमि से जुड़ा भागBayसमुद्र का अर्ध-घिरा भाग (खाड़ी)
Deltaनदी के मुहाने पर जमा मिट्टी का क्षेत्रAtlasनक्शों की किताब
Populationकिसी स्थान की कुल जनसंख्याClimateकिसी जगह का लम्बे समय का मौसम

📝 Chapter Summary (English) — ~250 words

Earth is our home planet and appears like a blue marble from space because nearly 71% of its surface is covered by water and only 29% is land. The huge land areas are called continents and there are seven of them—Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Antarctica. The continents are separated by vast water bodies called oceans—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and the Arctic Ocean is the smallest.

Asia is the largest continent and also the most populated. Africa is second in size and rich in natural life. North America is the third largest and contains high mountains and long rivers. South America is known for the Amazon River and the world’s largest rainforest. Europe is a compact continent with many peninsulas. Australia is the smallest continent and also a country. Antarctica, called the White Continent, is covered with ice and has no permanent residents.

Important physical features include the Himalayas with Mount Everest in Asia, the Sahara Desert in Africa (largest hot desert), and the Mariana Trench in the Pacific (deepest ocean trench). Human-made and natural water passages connect seas and oceans; for example, the Suez Canal links the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, saving travel time between Europe and Asia.

Understanding continents and oceans helps us read maps, compare climates, know where people live, and see how land and water influence life on Earth. This chapter builds the base for learning more about zones, habitats, and our environment.

📝 पाठ का सारांश (हिन्दी) — ~250 शब्द

पृथ्वी हमारा घर है। अंतरिक्ष से यह नीली दिखाई देती है क्योंकि इसकी सतह का लगभग 71% भाग पानी और 29% भाग भूमि है। बड़े-बड़े भू-भागों को महाद्वीप कहते हैं। कुल सात महाद्वीप हैं—एशिया, अफ्रीका, उत्तर अमेरिका, दक्षिण अमेरिका, यूरोप, ऑस्ट्रेलिया और अंटार्कटिका। महाद्वीपों के बीच फैले विशाल खारे जलाशयों को महासागर कहते हैं—प्रशांत, अटलांटिक, हिंद, दक्षिणी (अंटार्कटिक) और आर्कटिक। इनमें प्रशांत महासागर सबसे बड़ा तथा आर्कटिक महासागर सबसे छोटा है।

एशिया क्षेत्रफल और जनसंख्या दोनों में सबसे बड़ा है। अफ्रीका दूसरा सबसे बड़ा है और प्राकृतिक वन्य जीवन से समृद्ध है। उत्तर अमेरिका तीसरे स्थान पर है और यहाँ ऊँचे पर्वत व लंबी नदियाँ हैं। दक्षिण अमेरिका अमेज़न नदी और विश्व के सबसे बड़े वर्षावनों के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। यूरोप आकार में छोटा परंतु घनी आबादी और प्रायद्वीपों से भरा है। ऑस्ट्रेलिया सबसे छोटा महाद्वीप है और यही एक देश भी है। अंटार्कटिका को सफ़ेद महाद्वीप कहते हैं क्योंकि यह बर्फ की मोटी चादर से ढका रहता है और यहाँ स्थायी बसावट नहीं है।

प्रमुख भौतिक विशेषताओं में एशिया की हिमालय शृंखला और माउंट एवरेस्ट, अफ्रीका का सहारा रेगिस्तान तथा प्रशांत महासागर की मैरीआना गर्त (सबसे गहरी) शामिल हैं। समुद्रों को जोड़ने वाले प्राकृतिक मार्गों और नहरों का बड़ा महत्त्व है; जैसे स्वेज नहर भूमध्य सागर को लाल सागर से जोड़ती है, जिससे यूरोप और एशिया के बीच समुद्री यात्रा छोटी हो जाती है।

महाद्वीपों और महासागरों का ज्ञान नक्शे समझने, जलवायु की तुलना करने, आबादी के वितरण और प्रकृति-मानव संबंधों को समझने की बुनियाद तैयार करता है। यही इस अध्याय का उद्देश्य है।

✅ 10 Most Important One-Word Answers

Largest continent: Asia
Smallest continent: Australia
Most populated continent: Asia
Largest ocean: Pacific
Smallest ocean: Arctic
Longest river (textbook): Nile
Highest peak: Mount Everest
Largest hot desert: Sahara
Deepest ocean trench: Mariana Trench
Canal joining Mediterranean & Red Sea: Suez Canal

✍️ 10 Very Short Answer Questions (2–3 lines each)

Q1. What is a continent?
A continent is a very large continuous landmass on Earth. There are seven such major landmasses: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica.
Q2. What are oceans?
Oceans are very large bodies of salty water that surround the continents. The five oceans are Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic.
Q3. Why is Earth called the “blue planet”?
Because water covers about 71% of Earth’s surface, making it look mostly blue from space.
Q4. What is Eurasia?
Eurasia is a combined landmass of Europe and Asia. On world maps they look connected, so geographers sometimes refer to them together as “Eurasia.”
Q5. Name the largest and the smallest oceans.
Largest: Pacific Ocean. Smallest: Arctic Ocean.
Q6. Why is Antarctica called the “White Continent”?
It is covered with thick sheets of ice and snow throughout the year; therefore it appears white and has no permanent residents.
Q7. Which continent has the largest population and why?
Asia—because it has vast fertile river plains, ancient civilizations, and many countries with high population density (like India and China).
Q8. What is a canal? Give an example.
A canal is a man-made waterway used for transport or irrigation. Example: the Suez Canal linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
Q9. Mention one special feature of South America.
It has the Amazon River and the world’s largest tropical rainforest—the Amazon Basin.
Q10. Which is the third largest continent?
North America is the third largest continent after Asia and Africa.

📖 Textbook Exercises (from your images) with Perfect Answers

A) Choose the correct answer ✅

  1. What are the major land masses called? — (a) Continents 🌍
  2. Which is the largest continent in the world? — (a) Asia
  3. Which is the longest river in the world? — (a) Nile
  4. Which is the third largest continent in the world? — (b) North America
  5. How many oceans are there in the world? — (b) Five

B) Match the columns 🔗

Column ACorrect Match (Column B)
1. Three parts of the earth’s surfaceWater (c)
2. One part of the earth’s surfaceLand (d)
3. Mt EverestAsia (b)
4. Amazon rainforestsSouth America (e)
5. EuropeContinent (a)

C) Fill in the blanks ✍️

  1. Water covers 71% per cent of the earth’s surface and land covers 29% per cent of it.
  2. There are seven continents in the world.
  3. The continents are separated by large expanses of water called oceans.
  4. The Sahara is the largest desert in the world.
  5. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

D) Unscramble the letters to form the correct words 🔤

  1. NTAARCTICA → Antarctica (white continent)
  2. USARATLIA → Australia (a continent and a country)
  3. ACIPIFIC → Pacific (largest ocean)
  4. ARAMAINA → Mariana (deepest ocean trench)
  5. RCATIC → Arctic (smallest ocean)

E) Answer the following questions (Very Short) 🗣️

  1. What do you understand by the term continent?
    A very large continuous landmass on Earth; there are seven continents.
  2. What is Eurasia?
    The combined landmass of Europe and Asia seen as a single large continent.
  3. What are oceans?
    Huge bodies of salty water that surround continents; five in total.
  4. Which continent has the largest population? Give reasons for your answer.
    Asia, due to fertile river plains, favorable climates in many parts, ancient civilizations and many large countries.
  5. Explain the term ‘white continent’.
    Antarctica is called the white continent because it is covered with thick ice and snow throughout the year.
🎉
Tip for Revision: Remember the order of continents by size — Asia > Africa > North America > South America > Antarctica > Europe > Australia. And oceans by size — Pacific > Atlantic > Indian > Southern > Arctic.

Made with ❤️ for Class 5 TREK learners.

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