📖 20 Important Vocabulary Words with Meanings (Hindi)
| Word | Meaning in Simple Hindi |
|---|---|
| Conservation | संरक्षण – किसी चीज़ को बचाकर रखना |
| Environment | पर्यावरण – हमारे चारों तरफ की हवा, पानी, मिट्टी, पेड़, जानवर और लोग |
| Pollution | प्रदूषण – गंदगी या जहरीले पदार्थ से वातावरण खराब होना |
| Soil | मिट्टी – ज़मीन की ऊपरी परत जिसमें पौधे उगते हैं |
| Fertile | उपजाऊ – जहाँ अच्छी फसल उग सके |
| Chemicals | रसायन – प्रयोगशाला या फैक्ट्री में बने पदार्थ |
| Fertilizers | खाद – मिट्टी को उपजाऊ बनाने के लिए इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली चीज़ |
| Pesticides | कीटनाशक – कीड़े मारने वाली दवा |
| Air | हवा – जिसे हम सांस लेने के लिए प्रयोग करते हैं |
| Smoke | धुआँ – जलती हुई चीज़ से निकलने वाली गंदी हवा |
| Noise | शोर – तेज़ और परेशान करने वाली आवाज़ |
| Wildlife | वन्यजीव – जंगल में रहने वाले जानवर |
| Deforestation | वनों की कटाई – जंगलों को काटना |
| Endangered | संकटग्रस्त – जो पौधे/जानवर खत्म होने के कगार पर हों |
| Recycling | पुनः उपयोग – पुरानी चीज़ों को दोबारा प्रयोग करना |
| Reduce | कम करना – किसी चीज़ का इस्तेमाल घटाना |
| Reuse | दोबारा इस्तेमाल करना |
| Resources | संसाधन – प्रकृति की दी हुई चीज़ें जैसे पानी, जंगल, मिट्टी, खनिज |
| Global warming | वैश्विक तापमान वृद्धि – धरती का गर्म होना |
| Ozone layer | ओज़ोन परत – सूरज की हानिकारक किरणों से हमें बचाती है |
✨ Detailed Notes
1️⃣ What is Conservation?
Conservation means protection and careful use of natural resources like air, water, soil, plants, and animals. Our environment gives us everything to live – food, water, air, clothes, shelter, and medicines. If we keep using it carelessly, resources will finish one day. 👉 इसलिए हमें पर्यावरण को बचाना (संरक्षण करना) ज़रूरी है।
2️⃣ Controlling Over Pollution
- Pollution makes the environment dirty and harmful.
- We can control it by: using less plastic ♻️, reducing smoke 🚗💨, proper waste management 🗑️, and planting trees 🌳.
3️⃣ Reducing Pollution
We can reduce pollution by walking 🚶♂️, cycling 🚴♀️, using buses 🚌, switching off unnecessary lights 💡, and avoiding plastics. याद रखो – Pollution कम करना हर किसी की ज़िम्मेदारी है।
4️⃣ Soil Pollution
Causes: excessive fertilizers, pesticides, dumping plastics. Effects: soil loses fertility, crops do not grow properly. 👉 Solution: use organic manure and avoid plastic.
5️⃣ Air and Noise Pollution
Air Pollution: Smoke from factories, vehicles, burning garbage → causes asthma, global warming. Solution: plant trees 🌳, use clean fuels.
Noise Pollution: Caused by loudspeakers, horns, machines → causes stress and hearing loss. Solution: avoid honking, reduce loudspeakers.
6️⃣ Protecting Plants and Animals
Plants give oxygen, animals keep balance in nature. We must stop deforestation, protect endangered animals, and create sanctuaries 🏞.
7️⃣ Three R’s ♻️
- Reduce: कम उपयोग
- Reuse: पुरानी चीज़ों को फिर से इस्तेमाल
- Recycle: पुराना सामान नया बनाना
📘 Textbook Questions & Answers
A. Choose the correct answer
1. Misuse of resources leads to ______ in nature.
Ans: (b) Imbalance
2. ______ is the prevention of destruction to the environment.
Ans: (a) Conservation
3. ______ in population creates pressure on resources.
Ans: (a) Increase
4. ______ leads to reduction in rainfall.
Ans: (a) Deforestation
5. We need to ______ the use of energy.
Ans: (b) Reduce
B. Match the Columns
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Plastics | (d) Non-biodegradable waste |
| 2. Noise pollution | (e) Can affect ability to hear |
| 3. Wind/Water | (a) Eco-friendly sources of energy |
| 4. Poaching | (b) Illegal hunting of animals |
| 5. Endangered | (c) Animals on their way to becoming extinct |
C. True or False
1. Overuse of resources leads to an improvement in their quality.
False – It reduces their quality.
2. Food, paper and manure are non-biodegradable substances.
False – They are biodegradable.
3. Wildlife sanctuaries provide protection to animals.
True
4. Old toys and clothes should be reused.
True
5. Waste paper should be recycled.
True
D. Unscramble
1. ONCSRVEATION
Ans: Conservation
2. VOEPOPULATION
Ans: Overpopulation
3. FOAFSTERTAONI
Ans: Afforestation
4. ONTISOPMOCED
Ans: Decomposition
5. ECYRCLE
Ans: Recycle
E. Answer the following
1. How is imbalance created in nature?
Imbalance is created when humans misuse resources like cutting trees, overusing water, and polluting air and soil.
2. What is conservation?
Conservation means protecting and saving natural resources like forests, water, soil, and animals for future generations.
3. List the problems that need to be tackled for conservation.
Deforestation, pollution, overpopulation, poaching, and overuse of resources.
4. What are the different forms of pollution?
Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.
5. Mention five ways in which you can contribute towards conservation.
(i) Plant trees 🌳 (ii) Reduce plastic ♻️ (iii) Save water 💧 (iv) Use public transport 🚌 (v) Recycle paper and waste.