🌍 Chapter 2 – Location and Extent
🏳️ Countries from Clues:
| Clue | Country |
|---|---|
| The second largest populated country in the world | 🇮🇳 India |
| Famous for spices in the world | 🇮🇳 India |
| Cricket is a popular sport here | 🇮🇳 India |
| Famous for Samba dance | 🇧🇷 Brazil |
| Known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world | 🇧🇷 Brazil |
| Football is a very popular sport here | 🇧🇷 Brazil |
🇮🇳 Republic of India
Capital: New Delhi
Location: Northern and Eastern Hemispheres
Continent: Southern part of Asia
Latitudinal and Longitudinal Extent:
From 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N latitudes
From 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E longitudes
Southernmost Point: Indira Point (6°45′ N)
🌐 Neighbouring Countries and Water Bodies:
| Direction | Countries / Oceans |
|---|---|
| North | China, Nepal, Bhutan |
| East | Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bay of Bengal |
| South | Indian Ocean |
| West | Pakistan, Arabian Sea |
🇧🇷 Federative Republic of Brazil
Capital: Brasília
Location:
Some part in Northern Hemisphere
Major part in Southern Hemisphere
In Western Hemisphere of South America
Latitudinal and Longitudinal Extent:
From 5°15′ N to 33°45′ S latitudes
From 34°47′ W to 73°48′ W longitudes
🌐 Neighbouring Countries and Water Bodies:
| Direction | Countries / Oceans |
|---|---|
| North | Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana |
| East | Atlantic Ocean |
| South | Uruguay |
| West | Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia |
🏛️ Historical Background:
India:
- Under British rule for ~150 years
- Independence in 1947
- Faced wars, famines, economic challenges
- Now a major developing country and global market
- Known as a young country due to high youth population
Brazil:
- Under Portuguese rule for ~300 years
- Independence in 1822
- From 1930–1985 under military-populist rule
- Overcame economic issues
- Seen as an important emerging market
🗺️ Map Activity
- Label all continents and oceans
- Colour and label Brazil and India
- Draw the Equator and write 0°
- Show direction symbol 🧭
📝 Compare India and Brazil:
| Feature | India | Brazil |
|---|---|---|
| Larger in size | ❌ | ✅ |
| Larger latitudinal extent | ❌ | ✅ |
| Continent | Asia (Southern part) | South America (Northern part) |
| No. of States | 28 states + 8 UTs | 26 states + 1 Federal District |
🏳️ Flags and Emblems:
- 🎨 Draw flags of India and Brazil
- 📜 Research and write about their national emblems
✅ Textbook Questions – Solved
Q1. Are the sentences right or wrong?
| Statement | Answer |
|---|---|
| Brazil is mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere. | ✔️ Correct |
| Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of India. | ❌ Wrong. Tropic of Cancer passes through India. |
| The longitudinal extent of Brazil is less than India. | ❌ Wrong. Brazil has a larger longitudinal extent. |
| Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil. | ✔️ Correct |
| Brazil has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean. | ❌ Wrong. It has coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. |
| Pakistan is a neighbouring country to the south east of India. | ❌ Wrong. It is to the northwest. |
| The southern part of India is called Peninsula. | ✔️ Correct |
Q2. Answer in brief:
(a) What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
India faced wars, famines, poverty, and economic challenges.
Brazil faced military dictatorship and economic instability.
Both countries have overcome challenges and are developing nations.
(b) How are Brazil and India different in terms of location?
India lies in the Northern & Eastern Hemisphere, in Asia.
Brazil lies in the Northern & Southern Hemisphere, in South America.
(c) Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
India: 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N latitudes and 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E longitudes
Brazil: 5°15′ N to 33°45′ S latitudes and 34°47′ W to 73°48′ W longitudes
Q3. Select the correct option:
- (a) India’s southernmost point is known as: ✅ (3) Indira Point
- (b) These two countries in South America do not share their border with Brazil: ✅ (1) Chile–Ecuador
- (c) Both the countries have ........... type of government: ✅ (3) Republic