Notes – Chapter 4: The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom
1) Word Meanings (with Hindi)
| English Word | Hindi Meaning (सरल) |
|---|---|
| Daimios | जापान के अमीर ज़मींदार |
| Snug | आरामदायक |
| Soul | आत्मा / जीव |
| Sod | मिट्टी का ढेला |
| Gleamed | चमक उठा |
| Coaxed | फुसलाना / मनाना |
| Dainties | स्वादिष्ट भोजन |
| Covetous | लालची |
| Crone | बूढ़ी औरत |
| Carcass | मृत शरीर |
| Mortar | ओखली / पीसने का बर्तन |
| Pounding | कूटना / पीटना |
| Stingy | कंजूस |
| Withered | सूखा / मुरझाया हुआ |
| Sprouted | अंकुरित / खिलना |
| Perfumed | खुशबूदार |
| Procession | जुलूस |
| Prostrate | ज़मीन पर लेटा हुआ |
| Palanquin | पालकी / राजसी वाहन |
| Gleefully | खुशी-खुशी |
| Particle | ज़र्रा / बहुत छोटा टुकड़ा |
| Seized | पकड़ा गया |
| Green old age | स्वस्थ और लंबी उम्र |
| Miserable | दुखी / दयनीय |
| Incense | अगरबत्ती |
2) Summary in Simple English (≈250 words)
This Japanese folktale is about an honest old couple and their pet dog, Muko. They loved and cared for the dog like their own child. One day, Muko guided the farmer to a spot in the field where he discovered a pile of gold. With their newfound wealth, the kind couple remained generous and continued helping others.
Their greedy neighbors, jealous of their fortune, tricked Muko into their garden, hoping he would lead them to treasure. Instead, they found nothing but a dead kitten. In anger, they killed the poor dog. The kind couple mourned Muko deeply. That night, the dog’s spirit appeared in a dream and asked the farmer to make a mortar and mill from a pine tree growing near his grave. When the couple used the mortar, rice and beans magically turned into gold. Once again, the greedy neighbors borrowed it, but for them it only produced worms. Furious, they burned the mortar.
The spirit of Muko returned once more, telling the farmer to collect the ashes. When the farmer sprinkled them on withered trees, they blossomed beautifully. The daimio, or lord, was so impressed that he rewarded the farmer with gifts and honor. However, when the greedy neighbor tried the same trick, the ashes only blew into the daimio’s eyes, spoiling the procession. As punishment, the greedy man was beaten and disgraced.
In the end, the kind old couple lived happily and peacefully to a ripe old age, while the greedy neighbors faced misery. The story teaches values of honesty, kindness, and the dangers of greed.
3) अध्याय का सारांश (सरल हिंदी • लगभग 250 शब्द)
यह जापानी लोककथा एक ईमानदार बूढ़े दंपति और उनके प्यारे कुत्ते म्यूको की है। दंपति के कोई संतान नहीं थी, इसलिए वे कुत्ते को अपने बच्चे की तरह प्यार करते थे। एक दिन म्यूको ने किसान को खेत में एक जगह खोदने का इशारा किया। वहाँ से सोने का ढेर मिला। बूढ़ा दंपति अमीर हो गया, लेकिन फिर भी वे दयालु रहे और गरीबों की मदद करते रहे।
पड़ोसी दंपति लालच में पड़ गए। उन्होंने म्यूको को अपने बगीचे में बुलाया, ताकि वह उन्हें भी खजाना दिखाए। पर वहाँ केवल एक मरी हुई बिल्ली मिली। गुस्से में उन्होंने म्यूको को मार डाला। दयालु बूढ़ा बहुत दुखी हुआ। रात को कुत्ते की आत्मा सपने में आई और उसने कहा कि उसकी कब्र के पास उगे देवदार के पेड़ से ओखली और चक्की बना लो। जब बूढ़े दंपति ने उसमें चावल और दाल डाली तो वह सोने में बदल गई। लालची पड़ोसियों ने भी चक्की ली, लेकिन उनके लिए उसमें से कीड़े निकले। गुस्से में उन्होंने चक्की जला दी।
म्यूको की आत्मा फिर से आई और कहा कि राख को पेड़ों पर डालो। राख डालने से सूखे पेड़ फूलों से लद गए। दायमियो (राजा) ने यह चमत्कार देखा और किसान को ढेर सारे उपहार दिए। लेकिन लालची पड़ोसी ने भी वही राख पेड़ पर डाली। राख उड़कर दायमियो और उसके सेवकों की आँखों में चली गई। राजा नाराज़ हो गया और उस लालची आदमी को दंड दिया गया।
अंत में, दयालु दंपति सुख और शांति से लंबे समय तक जीवित रहे, जबकि लालची पड़ोसियों को दुख और अपमान झेलना पड़ा। यह कहानी सिखाती है कि दया और ईमानदारी का फल अच्छा होता है, जबकि लालच बर्बादी लाता है।
4) Important Questions & Answers
Q1. Who were the main characters of the story?
Answer: A kind old couple, their pet dog Muko, and their greedy neighbors.
Q2. How did the old couple treat Muko?
Answer: They loved him like their own child and cared for him with kindness.
Q3. What did Muko lead the old man to find?
Answer: A pile of gold hidden in the ground.
Q4. Why did the greedy neighbors kill the dog?
Answer: Because he did not give them treasure, only a dead kitten.
Q5. What did the spirit of the dog ask the old man to make?
Answer: A mortar and mill from the pine tree on his grave.
Q6. What happened when the old couple used the mortar?
Answer: Rice and beans turned into heaps of gold.
Q7. What happened when the greedy couple used the mortar?
Answer: It produced worms instead of gold.
Q8. How did the ashes of the burnt mill help the kind farmer?
Answer: When sprinkled on withered trees, they bloomed with flowers.
Q9. What reward did the daimio give to the kind farmer?
Answer: He gave him silk robes, cakes, fans, and invited him to his castle.
Q10. How did the greedy neighbor misuse the ashes?
Answer: He sprinkled them to impress the daimio, but they blew into his eyes instead.
Q11. What punishment did the greedy neighbor face?
Answer: He was beaten, disgraced, and left in the ditch.
Q12. What values does the story highlight?
Answer: Honesty, kindness, generosity, and the dangers of greed.
Q13. Why did the villagers admire the old couple?
Answer: Because they were humble, generous, and kind to all living beings.
Q14. How did the old man mourn his dog?
Answer: By offering flowers, food, water, and incense at his grave.
Q15. What is the main moral of the story?
Answer: Goodness and kindness bring peace and blessings, while greed leads to misery and downfall.