🟡 Chapter 4 – Parts and Wholes
Subject: Mathematics
Main Topic: Fractions (Parts of a Whole)
📘 Introduction
In daily life, we often talk about parts of things such as half a chocolate, one-third of a cake, or one-fourth of a day. This chapter helps us understand how a whole is divided into equal parts.
🔷 What is a Whole?
A whole means one complete object.
- One chocolate bar 🍫
- One rectangle
- One day (24 hours)
- One rupee (100 paise)
🧩 What are Equal Parts?
When a whole is divided into equal-sized parts, each part is called a fraction of the whole.
✔ Important Rule
📐 Understanding Fractions
| Fraction | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1/2 | One part out of two equal parts |
| 1/3 | One part out of three equal parts |
| 1/4 | One part out of four equal parts |
| 1/6 | One part out of six equal parts |
🇮🇳 Fractions using Our National Flag
The Indian flag is divided into three equal parts.
✔ White = slightly less than 1/3 (because of Ashoka Chakra)
✔ Green = 1/3
🎯 Magic Top Activity
A circle can be divided into 8 equal parts. Each part represents 1/8 of the circle.
Make a magic top by dividing a circle into 8 parts and colouring them. Spin it and observe what happens!
🍫 Chocolate Sharing
If a chocolate is divided into:
- 4 equal parts → each part is 1/4
- 6 equal parts → each part is 1/6
🔺 Equal Parts of Shapes
Shapes like rectangles and triangles can be divided into equal parts in many different ways.
- A triangle into 3 equal parts
- A rectangle into 6 equal parts
🟩 Fractions in Grids
When a grid has 16 squares:
| Coloured Squares | Fraction |
|---|---|
| 8 | 1/2 |
| 4 | 1/4 |
| 12 | 3/4 |
🌾 Ramu’s Vegetable Field
Ramu divided his field into 9 equal parts. Each part represents 1/9 of the field.
⏰ Fractions of Time
One day = 24 hours
| Time | Fraction of Day |
|---|---|
| 12 hours | 1/2 |
| 8 hours | 1/3 |
| 6 hours | 1/4 |
💰 Fractions of Money
1 rupee = 100 paise
✔ 25 paise = 1/4 rupee
✔ 10 paise = 1/10 rupee
📖 Story: An Old Woman’s Will
Fractions can be used cleverly to solve real-life problems. In this story, fractions help divide 19 camels fairly.
✔ 1/4 of 20 = 5
✔ 1/5 of 20 = 4
Total = 19
✍️ Practice Questions
2) What fraction of a day is 6 hours?
3) How many 25 paise coins make one rupee?
4) Divide a rectangle into 6 equal parts in two different ways.
✅ Quick Revision
✔ All parts must be equal
✔ Fractions are used in daily life
✔ Same fraction can look different in shape
🎉 Chapter Complete
After studying this chapter, students can confidently identify, compare, and use fractions in real life.
📝 Complete Worksheet – Parts and Wholes
Chapter: Parts and Wholes
Main Focus: Fractions, Equal Parts, Real Life Applications 🎯
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q1. A fraction shows:
Q2. If a shape is divided into 4 equal parts, one part is called:
Q3. 50 paise is equal to:
Q4. One-third of a day means:
✔ Q2 → (c) 1/4
✔ Q3 → (c) 1/2 rupee
✔ Q4 → (b) 8 hours
Section B – Fill in the Blanks
2) 25 paise is __________ part of one rupee.
3) One day has __________ hours.
4) In 1/6, the number 6 tells us the number of __________ parts.
✔ 1/4
✔ 24
✔ equal
Section C – Very Short Answer Questions
1) What is a whole?
2) Write the fraction for half of a chocolate.
3) How many 25 paise coins make one rupee?
✔ 1/2
✔ 4
Section D – Short Answer Questions
Q1. Why must all parts be equal to form a fraction?
Q2. Write two examples of fractions used in daily life.
Q3. If a rectangle is divided into 6 equal parts, what fraction is one part?
✔ Half a day, one-fourth of a cake (any two)
✔ 1/6
Section E – Long Answer Questions
Q1. Explain how fractions are used to divide money.
Q2. How can a rectangle be divided into six equal parts in two different ways?
✔ By dividing lengthwise or breadthwise equally.
Section F – HOTS / Thinking Questions ⭐
Q1. Can two different shapes represent the same fraction? Explain.
Q2. Why is white colour in the Indian flag slightly less than one-third?
✔ Because the Ashoka Chakra covers part of the white area.
🎯 Worksheet Complete
✔ Revise fractions of money & time
✔ Practice drawing equal parts
✔ You are now **exam-ready** ✅