Class 5 Maths Chapter 4 Parts and Wholes – Complete Notes

🟡 Chapter 4 – Parts and Wholes

Class: 5 (CBSE)
Subject: Mathematics
Main Topic: Fractions (Parts of a Whole)

📘 Introduction

In daily life, we often talk about parts of things such as half a chocolate, one-third of a cake, or one-fourth of a day. This chapter helps us understand how a whole is divided into equal parts.

🔷 What is a Whole?

A whole means one complete object.

Examples of a whole:

One chocolate bar 🍫
One rectangle
One day (24 hours)
One rupee (100 paise)

🧩 What are Equal Parts?

When a whole is divided into equal-sized parts, each part is called a fraction of the whole.

✔ Important Rule

All parts must be equal in size. Unequal parts do NOT form fractions.

📐 Understanding Fractions

Fraction	Meaning
1/2	One part out of two equal parts
1/3	One part out of three equal parts
1/4	One part out of four equal parts
1/6	One part out of six equal parts

🇮🇳 Fractions using Our National Flag

The Indian flag is divided into three equal parts.

✔ Saffron = 1/3
✔ White = slightly less than 1/3 (because of Ashoka Chakra)
✔ Green = 1/3

🎯 Magic Top Activity

A circle can be divided into 8 equal parts. Each part represents 1/8 of the circle.

Activity:
Make a magic top by dividing a circle into 8 parts and colouring them. Spin it and observe what happens!

🍫 Chocolate Sharing

If a chocolate is divided into:

4 equal parts → each part is 1/4
6 equal parts → each part is 1/6

Fractions help us share things fairly.

🔺 Equal Parts of Shapes

Shapes like rectangles and triangles can be divided into equal parts in many different ways.

Try dividing:

A triangle into 3 equal parts
A rectangle into 6 equal parts

🟩 Fractions in Grids

When a grid has 16 squares:

Coloured Squares	Fraction
8	1/2
4	1/4
12	3/4

🌾 Ramu’s Vegetable Field

Ramu divided his field into 9 equal parts. Each part represents 1/9 of the field.

Fractions help us compare which part is bigger or smaller.

⏰ Fractions of Time

One day = 24 hours

Time	Fraction of Day
12 hours	1/2
8 hours	1/3
6 hours	1/4

💰 Fractions of Money

1 rupee = 100 paise

✔ 50 paise = 1/2 rupee
✔ 25 paise = 1/4 rupee
✔ 10 paise = 1/10 rupee

📖 Story: An Old Woman’s Will

Fractions can be used cleverly to solve real-life problems. In this story, fractions help divide 19 camels fairly.

✔ 1/2 of 20 = 10
✔ 1/4 of 20 = 5
✔ 1/5 of 20 = 4
Total = 19

✍️ Practice Questions

1) Write 1/4 of 20.

2) What fraction of a day is 6 hours?

3) How many 25 paise coins make one rupee?

4) Divide a rectangle into 6 equal parts in two different ways.

✅ Quick Revision

✔ A fraction is a part of a whole
✔ All parts must be equal
✔ Fractions are used in daily life
✔ Same fraction can look different in shape

🎉 Chapter Complete

After studying this chapter, students can confidently identify, compare, and use fractions in real life.

Class 5 Maths Worksheet – Parts and Wholes

📝 Complete Worksheet – Parts and Wholes

Class: 5 (CBSE)
Chapter: Parts and Wholes
Main Focus: Fractions, Equal Parts, Real Life Applications 🎯

Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1. A fraction shows:

(a) A whole number

(b) A part of a whole

(d) A decimal only

Q2. If a shape is divided into 4 equal parts, one part is called:

(a) 1/2

(b) 1/3

(d) 4/1

Q3. 50 paise is equal to:

(a) 1/4 rupee

(b) 1/3 rupee

(d) 1 rupee

Q4. One-third of a day means:

(a) 6 hours

(b) 8 hours

(d) 12 hours

✔ Q1 → (b) A part of a whole
✔ Q2 → (c) 1/4
✔ Q3 → (c) 1/2 rupee
✔ Q4 → (b) 8 hours

Section B – Fill in the Blanks

1) When a whole is divided into equal parts, each part is called a __________.

2) 25 paise is __________ part of one rupee.

3) One day has __________ hours.

4) In 1/6, the number 6 tells us the number of __________ parts.

✔ fraction
✔ 1/4
✔ 24
✔ equal

Section C – Very Short Answer Questions

1) What is a whole?

2) Write the fraction for half of a chocolate.

3) How many 25 paise coins make one rupee?

✔ A whole is one complete object.
✔ 1/2
✔ 4

Section D – Short Answer Questions

Q1. Why must all parts be equal to form a fraction?

Q2. Write two examples of fractions used in daily life.

Q3. If a rectangle is divided into 6 equal parts, what fraction is one part?

✔ Unequal parts do not show fair sharing.
✔ Half a day, one-fourth of a cake (any two)
✔ 1/6

Section E – Long Answer Questions

Q1. Explain how fractions are used to divide money.

Q2. How can a rectangle be divided into six equal parts in two different ways?

✔ Example: 50 paise = 1/2 rupee, 25 paise = 1/4 rupee.
✔ By dividing lengthwise or breadthwise equally.

Section F – HOTS / Thinking Questions ⭐

Q1. Can two different shapes represent the same fraction? Explain.

Q2. Why is white colour in the Indian flag slightly less than one-third?

✔ Yes, if they are equal parts of their wholes.
✔ Because the Ashoka Chakra covers part of the white area.

🎯 Worksheet Complete

✔ Solve independently before checking answers
✔ Revise fractions of money & time
✔ Practice drawing equal parts
✔ You are now **exam-ready** ✅