📖 Introduction
Pollution means making our natural surroundings dirty, harmful, and unsafe for living beings. It affects air, water, land, and all living things. When pollution increases, it harms plants 🌱, animals 🐾, and humans 👨👩👧👦.
1. Types of Pollution
🌬 Air Pollution
- Caused by gases from factories (smoke, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide).
- Caused by smoke from vehicles (cars, buses, trucks).
- Smoke from burning wood, coal, and cow dung also pollutes.
- Cutting trees reduces oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in the air.
💧 Water Pollution
- Caused by throwing garbage and plastics into rivers.
- Factories release harmful chemicals into water bodies.
- Bathing animals, washing clothes, and soaps also pollute water.
- Polluted water is unsafe to drink and harmful to fish.
🔊 Noise Pollution
- Caused by loudspeakers, honking of vehicles, and crackers.
- Caused by machines and construction work.
- It disturbs peace, causes stress, and may harm our hearing.
🌱 Soil Pollution
- Caused by plastic bags, bottles, and non-biodegradable waste.
- Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides damages soil fertility.
- Dumping harmful industrial waste makes soil poisonous.
2. Layers of Earth & Pollution
🌤 Atmosphere: Blanket of air. Pollution leads to global warming, acid rain, and health problems.
⛰ Lithosphere: Land part of Earth. Soil pollution damages farming and land fertility.
🌱 Biosphere: Life zone (plants, animals, humans). Pollution harms all living beings.
⛰ Lithosphere: Land part of Earth. Soil pollution damages farming and land fertility.
🌱 Biosphere: Life zone (plants, animals, humans). Pollution harms all living beings.
🌟 Conclusion
Pollution is dangerous 🚫. We must:
- Plant more trees 🌳
- Use less plastic ♻️
- Avoid wasting water 💧
- Reduce smoke and noise 🚭
📘 Textbook Questions & Answers
A. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which of these is a poisonous gas emitted from factories?
✔ (b) Sulphur dioxide
✔ (b) Sulphur dioxide
2. Which type of pollution is caused by burning dry leaves?
✔ (c) Air pollution
✔ (c) Air pollution
3. Which of these are water-borne diseases?
✔ (b) Dysentery
✔ (b) Dysentery
4. Which type of pollution is caused by loudspeakers?
✔ (a) Noise pollution
✔ (a) Noise pollution
5. Which of these is a soil pollutant?
✔ (d) All of these
✔ (d) All of these
B. Match the Columns
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Factor that causes pollution | Polluter |
| 2. Dumping industrial waste into river | Water pollution |
| 3. Loud music | Noise pollution |
| 4. Overuse of pesticide | Soil pollution |
| 5. Emission from vehicles | Air pollution |
C. Fill in the blanks
1. Pollutant is a __________ which causes pollution.
✔ substance
✔ substance
2. A polluter is the person or factor that __________ pollution.
✔ causes
✔ causes
3. It is very important to maintain the __________ of gases in the atmosphere.
✔ balance
✔ balance
4. Industries should reduce release of __________ gases into the environment.
✔ harmful
✔ harmful
5. __________ pollution is the result of build-up of harmful substances in the soil.
✔ Soil
✔ Soil
D. Unscramble the letters
1. The substance that causes pollution: (LLUPTOANT)
✔ Pollutant
✔ Pollutant
2. A person or factor who causes pollution: (OLPLUTER)
✔ Polluter
✔ Polluter
3. This is a poisonous gas: (CANBOR NOMOXIDE)
✔ Carbon Monoxide
✔ Carbon Monoxide
4. It causes water-borne diseases: (TREAW LPOLOIUTN)
✔ Water Pollution
✔ Water Pollution
5. This is caused by noise pollution: (SOLS FO GNIRAEH)
✔ Loss of Hearing
✔ Loss of Hearing
E. Answer the following questions
1. Name the different types of pollution.
✔ The main types are: Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, and Soil pollution.
✔ The main types are: Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, and Soil pollution.
2. Mention any five ways to reduce air pollution.
✔ Plant more trees, use public transport, avoid burning waste, use clean fuels, and reduce use of plastic.
✔ Plant more trees, use public transport, avoid burning waste, use clean fuels, and reduce use of plastic.
3. How is water pollution harmful for us?
✔ It makes water unsafe to drink, spreads water-borne diseases, and harms aquatic animals like fish.
✔ It makes water unsafe to drink, spreads water-borne diseases, and harms aquatic animals like fish.
4. What are the different causes of noise pollution?
✔ Loudspeakers, traffic horns, crackers, factory machines, and construction work.
✔ Loudspeakers, traffic horns, crackers, factory machines, and construction work.
5. What is soil pollution? Explain.
✔ Soil pollution is the contamination of land by plastics, chemicals, pesticides, and factory waste. It makes soil infertile and harmful for crops and living beings.
✔ Soil pollution is the contamination of land by plastics, chemicals, pesticides, and factory waste. It makes soil infertile and harmful for crops and living beings.