• ICT: Devices + services for producing, storing, processing and communicating information; vital to handle the fast growth of knowledge.
• Computer working model (IPO): Input (keyboard/mouse) → Processing (CPU: Control Unit + ALU + Memory) → Output (monitor/printer) with Storage (internal/external).
• Memory types: RAM (volatile, fast) and ROM (non-volatile, read-only). External storage: HDD/SSD, USB drives, etc.
• Operating System (OS): Interface between user and hardware; necessary for using applications.
• Hardware vs Software: Hardware = physical parts; Software = programs (system + application).
• Generations of computers: 1st (vacuum valves, e.g., ENIAC) → … → 5th (modern, high-speed, compact, low energy, AI support).
• MS Word: Create formatted documents; insert equations from Insert → Equation.
• MS Excel: Enter clean tabular data; start formulas with =; avoid spaces in formulas; create charts via Insert. Use “drag-fill” carefully.
• MS PowerPoint: Prepare slides; use Design for themes; Animations and Slide Show for delivery.
• Browser & Search: Web browsers help access websites; search engines find information across the internet quickly.
• ICT in Science: Simulations, data collection, analysis, predictions (e.g., meteorology), collaboration (email, video meet), and communication.
• Care while using software: Use licensed software, save often, check data entry, secure systems (passwords/updates), backup files.
• Opportunities in ICT: Software (apps, OS, tools), Hardware (design, assembly, service), Training (teaching ICT), Marketing (sales/support).
• Institutes at Work: C-DAC (Pune) developed India’s PARAM supercomputer; supports many scientific domains and language computing (ISCII).

1) Expand ICT.

Information Communication Technology.

2) What does OS stand for?

Operating System.

3) Which memory is volatile?

RAM (Random Access Memory).

4) Which memory is read-only?

ROM (Read Only Memory).

5) Full form of CPU.

Central Processing Unit.

6) Name the three logical parts of CPU.

Control Unit, ALU, Memory Unit.

7) What is data?

Unprocessed/raw facts.

8) What is information?

Processed, meaningful data.

9) State the first generation example.

ENIAC (used vacuum valves).

10) Name two input devices.

Keyboard, Mouse (also scanner, mic).

11) Name two output devices.

Monitor, Printer (also speakers).

12) Which tab inserts equations in Word?

Insert → Equation.

13) First symbol in any Excel formula?

Equals sign =.

14) What is a spreadsheet?

Grid for tabular data and calculations.

15) What prepares slide shows?

Presentation software (e.g., PowerPoint).

16) What is a browser?

Program to access websites on the internet.

17) What is a search engine?

Online service to find information (e.g., for queries).

18) What is PDF used for?

Viewing/printing documents in fixed layout.

19) Expand C-DAC.

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing.

20) PARAM performs about how many operations per second (as stated)?

About one billion calculations per second.

1) Why do we need ICT today?

To handle rapid information growth and keep knowledge up-to-date.

2) Write the IPO expansion.

Input–Processing–Output.

3) One role of Control Unit.

Directs and coordinates all operations in the CPU.

4) One role of ALU.

Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

5) Give two examples of external storage.

USB flash drive, External HDD/SSD.

6) Why is an OS necessary?

It enables user–hardware communication and runs applications.

7) What precaution before typing a formula?

Begin with = and avoid spaces in the expression.

8) What is “drag and fill”?

Copying/filling series by dragging cell corner; verify with smart tag.

9) Where do you format slides?

In PowerPoint’s Design tab.

10) How can animations help?

They highlight steps and improve concept clarity.

11) List any two ICT communication services.

Email, Video conferencing (also chats, blogs, forums).

12) One scientific use of simulation.

Demonstrating nervous system functioning virtually.

13) Mention two hardware opportunities.

Assembly/Testing; Maintenance/Repairs.

14) Mention two software opportunities.

Application development; OS/utility development.

15) What is ISCII?

Indian Script Code for Information Interchange.

16) How does a PDF reader help?

Opens, prints and manages PDF documents.

17) Example of data vs information.

“72 68 75” = data; “Average = 71.7” = information.

18) Why keep data in tables?

Cleaner analysis and easier graphing.

19) One precaution while data entry.

Avoid unnecessary spaces/special characters.

20) Why back up files?

To prevent loss from power failure or errors.

1) Explain Input–Processing–Output with an example.

Type numbers (input) → CPU adds them (processing) → Result shows on screen/prints (output).

2) Distinguish RAM and ROM.

RAM is volatile, editable working memory; ROM stores permanent start-up/firmware info.

3) Role of Operating System in learning science.

Provides platform to run Word/Excel/PowerPoint, simulations, and lab data tools.

4) Uses of MS Word in science notes.

Neat formatting, headings, images, and Insert→Equation for math/science symbols.

5) Any three precautions in Excel.

Tabular entry, start formulas with =, avoid spaces; verify “drag-fill”.

6) Graphing in Excel helps how?

Converts numbers to visuals; trends and comparisons become clear instantly.

7) Why are simulations/animations useful?

Make invisible/complex processes visible and interactive for better understanding.

8) List four ICT communication tools.

Email, forums/blogs, video conferencing, collaborative wikis.

9) What caused early computers to overheat?

Vacuum valves consumed high power and generated excess heat.

10) Mention three ICT career paths.

Software engineering, Hardware service/production, ICT training/education.

11) How does a browser differ from a search engine?

Browser opens websites; search engine is an online service to find content.

12) Why must software be licensed and updated?

Ensures legality, features, and security patches to protect data.

13) What is the significance of PARAM?

India’s supercomputer enabling advanced research (space, geology, oil, health, weather).

14) How can PPT make science presentations better?

Organizes ideas on slides, integrates images/graphs/animations for engagement.

15) Why store data neatly in cells?

Prevents errors, supports formulas, and enables accurate sorting/graphing.

16) How does ICT help predictions?

Aggregates data, runs models (e.g., monsoon) and outputs forecasts for decisions.

17) One safety step when handling files.

Keep regular backups on cloud or external drives.

18) Give two examples of application software for science.

Word (reports), Excel (analysis), PowerPoint (presentations).

19) What is a utility program?

Software for maintenance tasks (backup, compression, antivirus).

20) Name two benefits of ICT in classrooms.

Access to global content and interactive learning using simulations and multimedia.

a) While working with a computer we can read the information stored in its memory and perform other actions in ………… memory.

Answer: RAM. Justification: Active processing happens in RAM; CPU reads/writes here during tasks.

b) While presenting pictures and videos about the works of scientists, we can use ………….

Answer: Presentation software (PowerPoint). Justification: It displays text, images, and videos on slides.

c) To draw graphs based on the quantitative information obtained in an experiment, one uses ………….

Answer: Spreadsheet (Excel). Justification: It plots charts directly from tabular data.

d) The first generation computers used to shut down because of ………….

Answer: overheating of vacuum valves. Justification: Valves consumed high power and generated heat.

e) A computer will not work unless ………… is supplied to it.

Answer: an Operating System. Justification: OS is required for user–hardware interaction and running software.

a) Explain the role and importance of information communication in science and technology.

ICT enables rapid creation, storage, analysis and sharing of knowledge; supports simulations/animations for complex ideas; aids data-driven predictions (e.g., meteorology); connects scientists, teachers and learners via the internet and video conferencing.

b) Which application software did you find useful while studying science, and how?

Word for neat lab records and equations; Excel for data tables, formulas and graphs; PowerPoint for concise slide-based explanations with images/animations.

c) How does a computer work?

Input devices send data → CPU (Control Unit + ALU + Memory) processes it → results go to output devices → data/answers can be saved to storage.

d) What precautions should be taken while using various types of software?

Use licensed/updated software; save/backup frequently; avoid spaces in formulas; maintain clean data entry; protect with passwords/antivirus; follow lab/IT policies.

Enter data in clean columns (Distance, Time); ensure correct units; select data range; choose appropriate chart (XY scatter/line); label axes; begin formulas with =; avoid blank rows/spaces; verify values before plotting.

1st gen: Vacuum valves (large, hot, slow). 2nd: Transistors (smaller, cooler). 3rd: ICs. 4th: Microprocessors (VLSI). 5th: Advanced CPUs/AI support. Scientific advances in electronics, materials, and integration drove speed, energy efficiency, and miniaturization.

Computers/laptops, projectors, interactive boards, smartphones/tablets; communication via email, cloud sharing, video conferencing; print via printers/PDF.

Flow (example): Choose topic → Collect text/images → Open PPT → New → Insert content → Design theme → Add charts/animations → Save → Rehearse → Present. Difficulties: Image formats not fitting (fix: resize/crop); font issues (embed fonts/use web-safe); large file (compress media).

Computers, mobiles, radios, TVs, projectors, sensors/data loggers, cameras, microphones. They collect, transmit, and display data; enable remote labs, broadcasts of science content, and real-time collaborations.