✨ Chapter 14 – Emperor Shah Jahan (Class 4 TREK SST)
1) 🧠 20 Important Words – आसान हिंदी अर्थ
| Word | Meaning (Simple Hindi) |
|---|---|
| Shah Jahan | मुगल सम्राट (1628-1658) जो ताजमहल के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं |
| Jahangir | शाहजहाँ के पिता और पूर्व सम्राट |
| Mumtaz Mahal | शाहजहाँ की पत्नी जिनकी याद में ताजमहल बनवाया |
| Taj Mahal | विश्व प्रसिद्ध संगमरमर का मकबरा, आगरा में |
| Red Fort | दिल्ली का लाल किला, शाहजहाँ द्वारा निर्मित |
| Jama Masjid | दिल्ली की बड़ी मस्जिद, शाहजहाँ ने बनवाई |
| Bernier | विदेशी यात्री जिसने शाहजहाँ का वर्णन किया |
| Portuguese | यूरोपीय व्यापारी जो मसालों के लिए भारत आए |
| Diwan-i-Aam | सार्वजनिक दरबार |
| Diwan-i-Khas | विशेष दरबार |
| Word | Meaning (Simple Hindi) |
|---|---|
| Peacock Throne | सोने-रत्नों से जड़ा शाहजहाँ का सिंहासन |
| Persia | देश (अब ईरान) जहाँ नादिर शाह ताज ले गया |
| Moti Masjid | मोती की तरह सफेद संगमरमर की मस्जिद |
| Golconda | दक्षिण भारत का क्षेत्र जिसे शाहजहाँ न जीत सका |
| Bijapur | दक्षिण भारत का क्षेत्र, विजय प्राप्त |
| Ahmadnagar | दक्षिण भारत का क्षेत्र, शाहजहाँ ने जीता |
| Golden Age | शाहजहाँ के शासन का समय – कला व वास्तुकला का उत्कर्ष |
| Spice Trade | मसालों का व्यापार |
| Foreign Traveller | विदेशी यात्री जो भारत आए |
| Architecture | इमारतों व स्मारकों का निर्माण |
2) 📝 Chapter Summary (English ~250 words)
Shah Jahan became the Mughal emperor in 1628 after the death of his father Jahangir. His reign is often called the Golden Age of the Mughals because of the magnificent monuments and grand architecture built during this period.
The most famous among his works is the Taj Mahal in Agra, built in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is made of pure white marble and has become one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Shah Jahan also built the Red Fort in Delhi, the Jama Masjid, and the Moti Masjid. His buildings are known for their beauty, balance, and grandeur.
Shah Jahan expanded the empire and captured territories such as Bijapur and Ahmadnagar, but he was unable to conquer Golconda. His throne, known as the Peacock Throne, was made of gold and studded with precious gems. Later, it was taken away by Nadir Shah of Persia.
During his rule, foreign travellers like Bernier visited India and described the wealth and prosperity of the empire. The Portuguese traders also came to India, mainly for the spice trade.
Shah Jahan’s later years were marked by illness and family conflict. He was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in the Agra Fort, where he died in 1666. He was buried beside Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal. His reign remains remembered as the peak of Mughal architecture and culture.
3) 📝 अध्याय का सार (हिंदी ~250 शब्द)
शाहजहाँ 1628 में अपने पिता जहाँगीर की मृत्यु के बाद मुगल सम्राट बने। उनका शासनकाल मुगलों का स्वर्ण युग कहा जाता है क्योंकि इस समय कई भव्य इमारतें और स्मारक बने।
इनमें सबसे प्रसिद्ध ताजमहल है, जो उन्होंने अपनी प्रिय पत्नी मुमताज़ महल की याद में आगरा में बनवाया। सफेद संगमरमर से बने इस मकबरे को विश्व के सात अजूबों में गिना जाता है। इसके अलावा उन्होंने लाल किला, जामा मस्जिद और मोती मस्जिद जैसी महान इमारतें भी बनवाईं।
शाहजहाँ ने अपने साम्राज्य को दक्षिण में बीजापुर और अहमदनगर तक बढ़ाया, लेकिन गोलकुंडा पर विजय नहीं पा सके। उनका मोर सिंहासन सोने और रत्नों से जड़ा हुआ था, जिसे बाद में फारस के नादिर शाह ले गया।
उनके समय में विदेशी यात्री बर्नियर भारत आए और यहाँ की समृद्धि का वर्णन किया। पुर्तगाली व्यापारी मसालों के व्यापार के लिए भारत आए।
शासन के अंतिम वर्षों में शाहजहाँ बीमार पड़ गए और उनके पुत्र औरंगज़ेब ने उन्हें आगरा किले में कैद कर दिया। 1666 में उनकी मृत्यु हो गई और उन्हें मुमताज़ महल के बगल में ताजमहल में दफनाया गया। उनका शासन मुगल कला और स्थापत्य का चरम माना जाता है।
4) 🔹 Ten Most Important One-Word Answers
- Shah Jahan’s father: Jahangir
- Shah Jahan’s wife: Mumtaz Mahal
- Year he became emperor: 1628
- Famous tomb: Taj Mahal
- Shah Jahan’s throne: Peacock Throne
- Capital city fort built: Red Fort
- Largest mosque he built: Jama Masjid
- Precious mosque in marble: Moti Masjid
- Where Shah Jahan was buried: Taj Mahal
- Who took Peacock Throne: Nadir Shah (Persia)
5) ✨ Very Short Answer Questions (2–3 lines each)
1) Why is Shah Jahan’s reign called the Golden Age?
Because of the unmatched beauty and magnificence of buildings like the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, and Jama Masjid built during his rule.
2) Which city is the Taj Mahal located in?
The Taj Mahal is in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, on the banks of the Yamuna river.
3) What is the Peacock Throne?
It was Shah Jahan’s golden throne, decorated with precious gems and jewels.
4) Who took away the Peacock Throne?
Nadir Shah of Persia carried away the Peacock Throne in 1739.
5) What is the Red Fort famous for today?
The Prime Minister of India hoists the national flag here every year on 15th August.
6) Which mosque did Shah Jahan build with white marble?
The Moti Masjid, also known as the Pearl Mosque.
7) Where did Shah Jahan spend his last days?
He was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in the Agra Fort.
8) Where was Shah Jahan buried?
He was buried in the Taj Mahal beside Mumtaz Mahal.
9) Why did Portuguese traders come to India?
They came mainly for the spice trade and other profitable goods.
10) Who was Bernier?
He was a French traveller who visited India during Shah Jahan’s reign.
6) 📘 Textbook Exercise – Perfect Answers
A) Choose the correct answer
| # | Question | Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Who among these was Shah Jahan’s father? | Jahangir |
| 2 | Which area was Shah Jahan unable to conquer? | Golconda |
| 3 | In whose memory was the Taj Mahal built? | Mumtaz Mahal |
| 4 | Where does the PM of India hoist the flag on 15 August? | Red Fort |
| 5 | Where did Nadir Shah take the Peacock Throne? | Persia |
B) Match the columns
| Column A | Column B (Match) |
|---|---|
| 1. Bernier | A foreign traveller to India |
| 2. Portuguese traders | Interested in spice trade |
| 3. The Taj Mahal | A dome and four towers |
| 4. Diwan-i-Aam | Red Fort |
| 5. Jama Masjid | One of the largest mosques in India |
C) Fill in the blanks
- Shah Jahan became the ruler in 1628.
- Shah Jahan captured Ahmadnagar in the Deccan region.
- In the 15th century CE, the Portuguese came as traders.
- The Taj Mahal in Agra is made of white marble.
- The Peacock Throne was the golden throne of Shah Jahan.
D) State True or False (Rewrite false)
- Shah Jahan was the Mughal ruler of Persia. – False. He was ruler of India.
- Shah Jahan conquered Bijapur in North India. – False. Bijapur is in South India.
- The Moti Masjid is located in Agra. – True.
- Shah Jahan was buried in the Agra Fort. – False. He was buried in the Taj Mahal.
- Shah Jahan was succeeded by Jahangir. – False. He was succeeded by Aurangzeb.