📘 20 Important Words with Meanings (Hindi)

• Art – कला (सुंदर रचना करने की क्षमता)
• Visual Arts – दृश्य कला (पेंटिंग, मूर्तिकला)
• Performing Arts – प्रदर्शन कला (नृत्य, संगीत, नाटक)
• Folk Art – लोक कला (गांव और परंपरागत कला)
• Classical Art – शास्त्रीय कला (नियमबद्ध और प्रशिक्षित कला)
• Style – शैली (कलाकार की विशिष्ट काम करने की विधि)
• Mural – भित्ति चित्र (दीवार पर बनाई गई पेंटिंग)
• Miniature Painting – लघु चित्र (छोटे आकार की चित्रकारी)
• Sculpture – मूर्तिकला (पत्थर, धातु या मिट्टी से बनी प्रतिमा)
• Iconography – मूर्ति विज्ञान (देव-प्रतिमा निर्माण की कला)
• Nagara Style – नागर शैली (उत्तर भारत की मंदिर वास्तुकला)
• Dravida Style – द्रविड़ शैली (दक्षिण भारत की मंदिर वास्तुकला)
• Vesara Style – वेसर शैली (नागर और द्रविड़ शैली का मिश्रण)
• Hemadpanti Style – हेमाडपंती शैली (महाराष्ट्र की विशिष्ट मंदिर शैली)
• Indo-Gothic – इंडो-गोथिक (ब्रिटिश काल की वास्तुकला शैली)
• Warli Painting – वारली चित्रकला (महाराष्ट्र की प्रसिद्ध लोककला)
• Chitrakathi – चित्रकथी (कहानी कहने की परंपरा चित्रों से)
• Architecture – वास्तुकला (भवन निर्माण की कला)
• Applied Art – अनुप्रयुक्त कला (कला का उपयोगी रूप)
• Heritage – धरोहर (संस्कृति और परंपराओं की अमूल्य संपत्ति)

📝 Important Notes

• Art is human instinct expressed beautifully through imagination and skill.
• Two types: Visual Arts (painting, sculpture) and Performing Arts (music, dance).
• Folk arts are spontaneous and community-based; Classical arts follow strict rules and training.
• Maratha paintings developed in 17th century, influenced by Rajput and European styles.
• Folk styles like Warli and Chitrakathi reflect traditions; Classical styles include Ajanta murals and Mughal miniatures.
• Sculpture evolved from Harappan seals to Mauryan pillars, Gupta iconography, and Chola bronze idols.
• Temple architecture styles: Nagara, Dravida, Vesara, Hemadpanti.
• Islamic architecture created masterpieces like Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal, Gol Gumbaz.
• British Indo-Gothic architecture produced CST Mumbai, a World Heritage Site.
• Performing arts include folk (Lavani, Powada) and classical (Hindustani, Carnatic music, Kathak, Bharatanatyam, Kathakali).
• Applied arts add utility to art: design, advertising, architecture, photography, graphics.
• Professional opportunities in art history, journalism, heritage management, museums, tourism, NID Ahmedabad.

🔴 20 One Word Answer Questions

Q1. What is natural instinct of man called when expressed beautifully?Art Q2. Sanskrit term for visual arts?Drik Kala Q3. Sanskrit term for performing arts?Lalit/Aangik Kala Q4. Example of Maratha mural sites?Wai, Menavali, Satara Q5. World Heritage site for rock paintings?Bhimbetka Q6. Which artist popularised Warli paintings?Jivya Somya Mashe Q7. Chitrakathi tradition mentioned in?Manasollas Q8. Who awarded Padmashree in 2011?Jivya Somya Mashe Q9. How many aspects in Shadange?Six Q10. Deccan miniature patronised by?Deccan Sultanates Q11. Mughal miniature flourished under?Akbar Q12. J. J. School of Art founded in?1857 Q13. National emblem of India?Lion Capital of Ashoka Q14. Largest stupa in world?Borobudur, Indonesia Q15. School of art in Kushana period?Mathura school Q16. Chola bronze idols period?9th–13th century Q17. Two main temple styles?Nagara and Dravida Q18. Indo-Gothic example in Mumbai?CST Railway Terminus Q19. Oldest Indian text on arts?Natyashastra Q20. World famous Islamic tomb?Taj Mahal

🟠 20 Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Define art.Art is expression of imagination and emotions through beauty. Q2. Visual arts include?Painting and sculpture Q3. Performing arts include?Dance, music, theatre Q4. What are folk arts?Community-based spontaneous arts Q5. What are classical arts?Arts with strict rules and training Q6. Example of Ajanta mural?Bodhisattva Padmapani Q7. Folk painting tradition in Maharashtra?Warli Q8. Example of folk sculpture?Ganesha idols, Veergals Q9. Kailasa temple is example of?Monolithic sculpture Q10. Stupa at Borobudur declared heritage in?1991 Q11. Who patronised bronze idols?Chola kings Q12. Vesara style is?Blend of Nagara and Dravida Q13. Hemadpanti temples feature?Star-shaped plan, stone masonry Q14. Highest minaret in world?Qutub Minar, 73 m Q15. Mughal emperor built Taj Mahal?Shah Jahan Q16. Where is Gol Gumbaz?Bijapur, Karnataka Q17. Famous music text of Bijapur ruler?Kitab-e-Navras Q18. Two branches of classical music?Hindustani and Carnatic Q19. Example of Indian classical dance?Kathak, Bharatanatyam Q20. Famous music festival in Pune?Savai Gandharva

🟡 20 Short Answer Questions

Q1. Difference between folk and classical arts?Folk = spontaneous, community-based; Classical = rule-based, requires training. Q2. Features of Maratha style paintings?Murals, manuscripts, Rajput & European influence. Q3. Importance of rock paintings?Show ancient lifestyle, resources, artistic sense. Q4. Contribution of Jivya Mashe?Made Warli paintings famous, won Padmashree. Q5. Tradition of Chitrakathi?Narrating stories of Ramayana, Mahabharata using painted panels. Q6. Six aspects of painting?Roopbheda, Pramana, Bhava, Lavanyayojana, Sadrushyata, Varnikabhang. Q7. Mughal miniatures features?Blend of Persian and Indian style under Akbar. Q8. European style influence?Exact portrayal, J. J. School training. Q9. Kailasa temple significance?Largest rock-cut monolithic sculpture. Q10. Importance of Sanchi Stupa?Ashoka’s time, later sculptural embellishments. Q11. Features of Mathura school?Foundation of Indian iconography, Kushana period. Q12. Chola bronze idols examples?Nataraj, Shiva-Parvati, Vishnu. Q13. Features of Hemadpanti temples?Star-shaped, no mortar, tenon-mortise technique. Q14. Features of Islamic architecture?Blended Persian, Indian styles; Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal. Q15. Indo-Gothic architecture examples?Churches, CST Railway Terminus. Q16. Natyashastra significance?Earliest text on performing arts and rasas. Q17. Nine rasas listed?Shringar, Hasya, Beebhatsa, Raudra, Karuna, Veer, Bhayanak, Adbhut, Shant. Q18. Two classical music branches?Hindustani and Carnatic. Q19. Fusion experiment in dance?Pandit Uday Shankar blending Indian and Western. Q20. Applied art examples?Design, advertising, calligraphy, architecture, graphics.

📚 Textbook Exercises – Answers

Q1(A)(1). Arts of painting and sculpting are?Visual Arts Q1(A)(2). Mathura school rose in?Kushana period Q1(B). Wrong pair?Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus – Delhi ❌ (Correct: Mumbai) Q2(1). Short note: ArtExpression of imagination and skill in visual and performing forms. Q2(2). Short note: Hemadpanti style12th–13th century temples in Maharashtra, star-shaped, stone masonry without mortar. Q2(3). Short note: Maratha style of painting17th century murals and miniatures influenced by Rajput and European art. Q3(1). Why expert needed in art market?To assess authenticity and value of art objects. Q3(2). Why preserve Chitrakathi?It is ancient storytelling tradition on verge of extinction. Q4. Temple architecture table Nagara – Curved shikhara, North India, Khajuraho temples.
Dravida – Pyramidical shikhara, South India, Brihadeshwar temple.
Hemadpanti – Star-shaped plan, Maharashtra, Ambreshwar Temple. Q5(1). Write about folk painting styles.Warli, Chitrakathi, Rangawali, reflecting lifestyle, nature, mythology. Q5(2). Explain Islamic architecture.Blend of Persian and Indian styles; examples: Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal, Gol Gumbaz. Q5(3). Professional opportunities in arts?Journalism, museums, heritage, tourism, applied arts, NID Ahmedabad. Q5(4). Warli painting features?Depicts nature, human figures, occupations, houses in symbolic style.