Chapter 9 – Heritage Management
1. 20 Important Words and Meanings (in Hindi)
- Heritage – विरासत / धरोहर
- Museum – संग्रहालय
- Archives – अभिलेखागार
- Library – पुस्तकालय
- Encyclopaedia – विश्वकोश
- Preservation – संरक्षण
- Conservation – सुरक्षा और देखभाल
- Artefacts – पुरानी वस्तुएँ
- Manuscripts – पांडुलिपियाँ
- Oral Sources – मौखिक स्रोत
- Written Sources – लिखित स्रोत
- Material Sources – भौतिक स्रोत
- Fossils – जीवाश्म
- Conquest – विजय / फतह
- Dynasty – वंश
- Anthropology – मानव विज्ञान
- Linguistics – भाषाविज्ञान
- Exhibition – प्रदर्शनी
- Index – अनुक्रमणिका
- Prescribed Training – आवश्यक प्रशिक्षण
2. Important Notes of this Chapter
Heritage Management means conservation, preservation and management of sources of history. It includes oral, written, and material sources. Trained experts are required for handling manuscripts, artefacts, fossils, coins, inscriptions, and documents. Famous museums such as Louvre (France), British Museum (England), Smithsonian (USA), and Indian Museum (Kolkata) preserve world heritage. Libraries and archives store, classify, and make books and documents available. Encyclopaedias provide organised knowledge and help in research. Heritage management safeguards history for future generations.
3. 20 One Word Answer Type Questions
Q1. First museum in India? Indian Museum, Kolkata. Q2. Founder of Louvre Museum? French Royal Family. Q3. Which museum houses Mona Lisa? Louvre Museum, France. Q4. First official archive in India? Imperial Record Department, 1891. Q5. Library expanded by Sarfojiraje Bhosale? Saraswati Mahal Granthalay. Q6. Encyclopaedia by Pliny? Natural History. Q7. Encyclopaedia first published in 1767? Encyclopaedia Britannica. Q8. Headquarters of National Archives of India? New Delhi. Q9. Oldest library mentioned in Mesopotamia? Ashurbanipal Library. Q10. Which university has Museology courses? Banaras Hindu University.4. 20 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q1. What is the main purpose of a museum? To preserve and exhibit heritage objects. Q2. What is preservation? Protection of heritage from damage. Q3. Which king patronised Leonardo da Vinci? Francis I of France. Q4. Which script is needed for studying Modi documents? Modi Script. Q5. First museum in Chennai? Government Museum (1851).5. 20 Short Answer Type Questions
Q1. Why are archives important? They preserve government, cultural, and private records which are reliable for research. Q2. What training is required for oral history? Knowledge of sociology, psychology, linguistics, mythology, and research writing. Q3. Difference between Encyclopaedia and Dictionary? Dictionary gives meanings of words, Encyclopaedia gives detailed knowledge on topics.6. Exercise Answers
1(A)(1). Louvre Museum has in its collection the painting of? (b) Mona Lisa. 1(A)(2). First museum in India? (d) Indian Museum, Kolkata. 1(B). Identify wrong pair. Wrong Pair: Maharaja Sayajirao University – Delhi.Correct: Maharaja Sayajirao University – Vadodara. Q2. Explain: Archives and libraries publish journals. Because they preserve historical material and make it available to researchers through publications like journals, pamphlets, and posters. Q2. Explain: Only trained persons can work in preservation. Preservation needs special knowledge of scripts, chemicals, IT, and conservation techniques. Hence trained persons are necessary. Q3. Write Notes: Sthalakosh Sthalakosh gives geographical and historical information of places. Example: Sthanapothi by Mahanubhav sect. Q3. Write Notes: Vishwakosh Comprehensive encyclopaedia including knowledge of all subjects, e.g. Marathi Vishwakosh. Q3. Write Notes: Samdnya Kosh Explains historical and cultural terms like colonialism, globalisation. Q3. Write Notes: Saraswati Mahal Granthalay A library in Thanjavur expanded by Sarfojiraje Bhosale, rich in manuscripts. Q4(1). Why is library management important? Because it systematically preserves, arranges, and makes books accessible for readers and researchers. Q4(2). Which tasks are important in archives management? Preserving documents, indexing, classifying, creating retrieval systems, and making reliable information accessible.
7. Concept Map – Types of Encyclopaedia
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Dictionaries | Oxford Dictionary, Marathi Shabdakosh |
| Comprehensive Encyclopaedia | Encyclopaedia Britannica, Marathi Vishwakosh |
| Encyclopaedic Literature | Maharashtra Jeevan, Yearbook |
| Indexes | S.G. Date’s Index of Marathi Periodicals |
Chapter 9 – Heritage Management
Exercise Answers
1(A). Choose the correct option
(1) Louvre Museum has in its collection the much acclaimed painting of …… by Leonardo da Vinci. (b) Mona Lisa (2) ……… at Kolkata is the first museum in India. (d) Indian Museum1(B). Wrong Pair
Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set. Wrong Pair: Maharaja Sayajirao University – DelhiCorrect: Maharaja Sayajirao University – Vadodara
2. Explain the following statements with reasons
(1) Archives and libraries publish research journals, informative pamphlets, leaflets, posters, etc. Because archives and libraries conserve important historical material. To spread this knowledge and make it available to students and researchers, they publish journals, pamphlets and other materials. (2) Only trained persons, who are duly qualified can take up the tasks involved in the work of conservation and preservation. Conservation and preservation of sources like manuscripts, coins, artefacts and fossils requires knowledge of scripts, chemicals, equipment, IT and historical methods. Hence only skilled and trained persons can do this work properly.3. Write Notes
(1) Sthalakosh Sthalakosh gives geographical and historical details of places. Example: Sthanapothi of Mahanubhav sect, which describes places visited by Chakradhar Swami. (2) Vishwakosh A comprehensive encyclopaedia covering all subjects. Example: Marathi Vishwakosh started under Lakshmanshastri Joshi; also Encyclopaedia Britannica globally. (3) Samdnya Kosh A type of encyclopaedia which explains specific terminology like colonialism, globalisation. It helps teachers and students to understand historical terms. (4) Saraswati Mahal Granthalay A historic library at Thanjavur, expanded by Sarfojiraje Bhosale. It contains manuscripts, books and rare documents, an important treasure of knowledge.4. Give Elaborate Answers
(1) Why is library management important? Library management is important because it systematically collects, arranges, preserves and makes books accessible to readers. It ensures proper dissemination of knowledge with the help of classification, indexing and computerised systems. A well-managed library becomes a storehouse of knowledge for education and research. (2) Which tasks are important in archives management? Archives management involves preserving documents in original form, preparing indexes, creating retrieval systems, and classifying records in proper order. It ensures the reliability of documents and provides researchers with authentic material. Archives also conserve public records, manuscripts and oriental studies.5. Concept Map – Types of Encyclopaedia
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionaries | Arranges words, gives meanings, synonyms | Oxford Dictionary, Marathi Shabdakosh |
| Comprehensive Encyclopaedia | Includes knowledge of all subjects or one specific subject | Encyclopaedia Britannica, Marathi Vishwakosh |
| Encyclopaedic Literature | Scholarly articles about one/more subjects | Maharashtra Jeevan, Yearbook |
| Indexes | Alphabetical lists of subjects, places, people | S.G. Date’s Index of Marathi Periodicals |