Chapter 8 – Tourism and History Notes

1. Vocabulary – 20 Important Words (Meanings in Hindi)

• Tourism – यात्रा (घूमने के लिए)
• Heritage – धरोहर
• Hospitality – आतिथ्य
• Preservation – संरक्षण
• Conservation – बचाव
• Pilgrimage – तीर्थयात्रा
• Monument – स्मारक
• Festival – उत्सव
• Globalisation – वैश्वीकरण
• Economy – अर्थव्यवस्था
• Trade – व्यापार
• Culture – संस्कृति
• Transport – यातायात
• Guides – मार्गदर्शक
• Handicrafts – हस्तकला
• Souvenir – स्मृति चिन्ह
• Literature – साहित्य
• Adventure – साहसिक
• Destination – गंतव्य
• Revenue – आय/आमदनी

2. Important Notes

Tourism is an ancient tradition in India, linked with pilgrimage, trade, education, fairs, and festivals. Famous travellers like Yuan Shwang, Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta enriched world history with their travel accounts. Modern tourism has developed into various types – local, interstate, international, health, agro, cultural, and sports tourism. Conservation and preservation of heritage is essential to protect monuments and natural sites. Tourism creates professional opportunities in guiding, hospitality, handicrafts, journalism, and transport industries.

3. One Word Answers (20)

Q1. Who is known as the first European traveller? Benjamin of Tudela. Q2. Who stayed in China for 17 years? Marco Polo. Q3. Who wrote ‘Maza Pravas’? Vishnubhat Godse. Q4. Who is the father of modern tourism? Thomas Cook. Q5. Which place is called ‘Village of Books’? Bhilar. Q6. Where is Valley of Flowers? Uttarakhand. Q7. Where is the crater lake at Lonar? Maharashtra. Q8. Which observatory is in Jaipur? Jantar Mantar. Q9. Which city has a Heritage Walk? Ahmedabad. Q10. What is Agro-tourism? Tourism based on agriculture and rural life. Q11. When did Yuan Shwang travel to India? 630 C.E. Q12. Who created the world map in the 16th century? Gerardus Mercator. Q13. Which caves are UNESCO heritage in Maharashtra? Ajanta, Verul, Gharapuri. Q14. Which day is observed as National Tourism Day in India? 25th January. Q15. Which state developed Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation? Maharashtra (1975). Q16. Who introduced Asia to Europe in 13th century? Marco Polo. Q17. What does heritage include? Natural and cultural sites. Q18. Which Mughal monument is UNESCO World Heritage? Taj Mahal. Q19. Which saints travelled across India? Saint Namdev, Saint Eknath, Guru Nanak. Q20. Which is Maharashtra’s unusual tourist village? Bhilar – Village of Books.

4. Very Short Answer Questions (20)

Q1. Define Tourism. Tourism is travelling to visit places in distant regions for a specific purpose. Q2. What is Religious Tourism? Tourism to pilgrim centres like temples, mosques, churches. Q3. What is Health Tourism? Tourism for Yoga, Ayurveda and medical treatment. Q4. What is Sports Tourism? Travelling to attend or play in sports events. Q5. Name any two hill stations of Maharashtra. Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani. Q6. Who organised first railway trip for tourists? Thomas Cook. Q7. What is Cultural Tourism? Visiting educational institutes, local culture, art, history, and festivals. Q8. Which caves are near Mumbai? Gharapuri (Elephanta) caves. Q9. Which book tells the story of travel during 1857? Maza Pravas. Q10. Which fort tradition is linked with Diwali? Model forts with clay idols.

5. Short Answer Questions (20)

Q1. Why is tourism important? Tourism generates income, employment, and preserves culture. It connects people globally. Q2. Explain Agro-Tourism. Agro-tourism introduces city people to rural life, farming, and experiments in agriculture. It also helps farmers earn extra income. Q3. Why is Heritage Conservation necessary? To protect monuments, natural sites, and cultural identity for future generations. It prevents damage and preserves history. Q4. Why do foreign tourists come to India for medical services? Because Indian facilities are cheaper, high-quality, and provide Ayurveda and Yoga-based therapies.

6. Textbook Exercise Answers

Q1(A)(1). Thomas Cook established a travel agency selling ……. Answer: (d) Tourist tickets. Q1(A)(2). Bhilar is known as the ‘Village of …….’ Answer: (a) Books. Q1(B). Identify wrong pair. Wrong Pair: Tadoba – Rock-cut caves ❌
Correct: Tadoba – Sanctuary. Q2(1). The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably. Explain. Due to liberalisation, better transport, education, trade, tourism, and professional assignments, international travel from India has increased. Q2(2). It is important to take precautions to preserve heritage sites. Explain. Heritage sites are national treasures. Avoid vandalism, littering, graffiti, and maintain cleanliness to preserve them for future generations. Q3(1). Short Note: Tradition of Travelling From ancient times Indians travelled for pilgrimage, trade, fairs, and education. Saints, monks, and teachers travelled widely, creating a tradition of cultural exchange. Q3(2). Short Note: Marco Polo Marco Polo, a 13th-century Italian traveller, introduced Asia, especially China, to Europe. He stayed in China for 17 years and wrote about Asian life. Q3(3). Short Note: Agro-Tourism Agro-tourism introduces urban people to rural life, agriculture, and farm experiments. It helps farmers economically and strengthens rural-urban ties. Q4. What are the crucial issues in development of tourism? Safe transport, good accommodation, multilingual guides, cleanliness, security, facilities for handicapped tourists, and preservation of heritage are crucial issues. Q6(1). What are the professional fields associated with tourism? Hospitality, guiding, travel agencies, handicrafts, journalism, translators, transport services, photographers, hotel management, and event management. Q6(2). Describe any three types of tourism. Historical tourism (visiting forts, monuments), Health tourism (Yoga, Ayurveda, hospitals), Sports tourism (travelling for cricket, Olympics, rallies).

7. Concept Map (Sample)

Category	Example
Rock-cut Caves	Ajanta, Verul, Elephanta
Natural Heritage	Kas Plateau, Valley of Flowers
Sanctuary	Tadoba, Sagareshwar
World Heritage Sites	Taj Mahal, Jantar Mantar
Railway Station	Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus