Transport and communication are two important needs of human life. Transport means carrying people and goods from one place to another. There are four main means of transport – Roadways, Railways, Airways, and Waterways. Road transport includes Kuccha and Pucca roads. The Grand Trunk Road built by Sher Shah Suri is one of the oldest highways. Railways connect long distances and can carry passengers and heavy goods. Passenger trains take people, while Goods trains carry coal, iron, and other materials.

Ships, boats, and yachts are used for waterways. Mumbai is an important port. Airways are the fastest but also the most expensive. Air transport is very useful during floods, earthquakes, and other disasters to quickly send help.

Communication means sending and receiving information. In earlier times, messages were sent by animals or messengers. Today, we use letters, parcels, money orders, telephones, e-mails, internet, and mass media like newspapers, television, and radio. The Internet is the fastest international network of communication. Thus, transport and communication bring people together, connect cities, states, and even countries, and make our lives easier and faster.

परिवहन और संचार मानव जीवन की मूलभूत ज़रूरतें हैं। परिवहन का अर्थ है – लोगों और सामान को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान तक पहुँचाना। परिवहन के चार मुख्य साधन हैं – सड़क मार्ग, रेल मार्ग, जल मार्ग और वायु मार्ग। सड़क मार्ग में कच्ची सड़कें और पक्की सड़कें शामिल हैं। 16वीं शताब्दी में शेरशाह सूरी द्वारा बनाया गया ग्रांड ट्रंक रोड सबसे पुरानी राजमार्गों में से है। रेलवे लंबी दूरी तय करने और भारी सामान ढोने के लिए उपयोगी है। यात्री ट्रेन लोग ले जाती है और मालगाड़ी सामान।

जल परिवहन के लिए जहाज, नाव और यॉट काम आते हैं। मुंबई भारत का एक प्रमुख बंदरगाह है। वायु परिवहन सबसे तेज़ साधन है, पर यह सबसे महंगा भी है। आपदा जैसे बाढ़ और भूकंप में यह तुरंत राहत पहुँचाने के लिए बहुत काम आता है।

संचार का अर्थ है – संदेशों का आदान–प्रदान। पहले संदेश जानवरों या दूतों से भेजे जाते थे। आज हम पत्र, पार्सल, मनी ऑर्डर, टेलीफोन, ईमेल, इंटरनेट और जनसंचार माध्यम जैसे अखबार, रेडियो और टीवी का उपयोग करते हैं। इंटरनेट सबसे तेज़ अंतरराष्ट्रीय संचार का साधन है। इस प्रकार परिवहन और संचार से लोग आपस में जुड़े रहते हैं और जीवन आसान बनता है।

1) What is transport?

The movement of people and goods from one place to another.

2) Difference between kuccha and pucca roads?

Kuccha – made of mud, temporary; Pucca – made of cement/tar, long-lasting.

3) What is a highway?

A large road connecting towns/cities. Example: Grand Trunk Road.

4) Which is the fastest transport?

Airways, though it is expensive.

5) How is air transport useful during disasters?

It quickly sends food, medicine and rescue teams to affected areas.

6) Which is an important port in India?

Mumbai.

7) What is communication?

The process of sending and receiving information.

8) Give two modern means of communication.

E-mail and Internet.

9) Which is the oldest highway?

Grand Trunk Road.

10) What is mass media?

Communication tools reaching many people like TV, radio, newspapers.

1) What is transport?

Carrying people and goods from one place to another is transport.

2) Difference between kuccha and pucca roads?

Kuccha: mud roads, temporary. Pucca: tar/cement roads, strong and long-lasting.

3) What are highways? Give example.

Big roads connecting cities are highways. Example: Grand Trunk Road.

4) How does air transport help during disasters?

It quickly sends relief like food, doctors, medicines to flood/earthquake affected areas.

5) Which is the quickest communication?

The Internet/E-mail.