📘 20 Important Words with Meanings (Hindi)

• Mass – समूह (बहुत सारे लोग)
• Media – माध्यम (सूचना पहुँचाने का जरिया)
• Mass Media – जनसंचार माध्यम (लोगों तक सूचना पहुँचाने के साधन)
• Newspaper – अख़बार (समाचार छापने का नियमित साधन)
• Editorial – संपादकीय (अख़बार का मुख्य लेख)
• Journal – पत्रिका (नियमित प्रकाशित लेख संग्रह)
• Digital Journalism – डिजिटल पत्रकारिता (ऑनलाइन समाचार)
• Radio – रेडियो (ध्वनि द्वारा समाचार और मनोरंजन का साधन)
• All India Radio – आकाशवाणी (भारत का सरकारी रेडियो)
• Vividh Bharati – विविध भारती (लोकप्रिय रेडियो चैनल)
• Television – दूरदर्शन (चित्र और ध्वनि वाला माध्यम)
• Doordarshan – सरकारी टीवी चैनल (भारत का पहला टीवी नेटवर्क)
• E-newspaper – ई-अख़बार (इंटरनेट पर प्रकाशित अख़बार)
• Broadcast – प्रसारण (समाचार या कार्यक्रम फैलाना)
• Communication – संचार (सूचना का आदान-प्रदान)
• Information – जानकारी (समाचार या तथ्य)
• Critical Thinking – आलोचनात्मक सोच (सही-गलत का मूल्यांकन)
• Professional Opportunity – व्यावसायिक अवसर (नौकरी या काम का मौका)
• Fourth Pillar – चौथा स्तंभ (लोकतंत्र में मीडिया की भूमिका)
• Akashvani – आकाशवाणी (रेडियो का नया नाम)

📝 Important Notes

• Mass Media = Mass (people) + Media (means). It helps spread news to many people quickly.
• In olden days, kings used criers beating drums to announce news.
• First English newspaper in India: Bengal Gazette (1780) by James Hickey.
• First Marathi newspaper: Darpan (1832) by Balshastri Jambhekar.
• Kesari and Maratha (1881) by Tilak and Agarkar influenced Indian independence.
• Radio started as IBC, became AIR in 1936, later called Akashvani.
• Vividh Bharati broadcasts in 24 languages and 146 dialects.
• Television began in 1959 (Delhi Doordarshan), colour TV in 1982.
• E-newspapers and digital journalism are modern developments.
• Mass Media strengthens democracy and creates social awareness.
• Critical analysis of news is necessary – all media info is not always true.
• Example: Hitler’s fake diaries published in Germany.
• Mass Media provides professional opportunities in journalism, history, tourism, and broadcasting.

🔴 20 One Word Answer Questions

Q1. What is Mass Media?Means of mass communication. Q2. Who started Bengal Gazette?James Augustus Hickey Q3. Year of first English newspaper in India?1780 Q4. Who edited Darpan?Balshastri Jambhekar Q5. Birth date of Balshastri Jambhekar?6 January Q6. First Marathi magazine?Digdarshan Q7. Who started Kesari?Tilak and Agarkar Q8. Who started Deenbandhu?Krishnarao Bhalekar Q9. First Indian radio broadcast?1927 Q10. AIR full form?All India Radio Q11. Who suggested name Akashvani?Pandit Narendra Sharma Q12. In how many languages Vividh Bharati broadcasts?24 languages, 146 dialects Q13. When did TV start in India?1959 Q14. Colour TV introduced in?1982 Q15. Example of digital journalism?E-newspapers, web portals Q16. Which magazine printed Hitler’s fake diaries?Stern Q17. Newspapers are called which pillar?Fourth pillar of democracy Q18. Famous TV serial based on Nehru’s book?Bharat Ek Khoj Q19. Who directed Bharat Ek Khoj?Shyam Benegal Q20. Book on which Bharat Ek Khoj is based?Discovery of India

🟠 20 Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Define Mass.Aggregation of people. Q2. Define Media.Means of communication. Q3. Who is called first editor of Marathi press?Balshastri Jambhekar Q4. When is Patrakar Din observed?6 January Q5. Name newspaper supporting widow remarriage.Induprakash Q6. Which newspaper represented Bahujans?Deenbandhu Q7. Which newspaper printed first map?Dnyanoday Q8. Name of first news bulletin language in India.English, 1927 Q9. Who inaugurated Delhi Doordarshan?Dr. Rajendra Prasad Q10. Year of Mumbai Doordarshan start?1972 Q11. Example of folk theatre in media history?Powada Q12. Which weekly printed Hitler diaries?Stern, Germany Q13. Which festival was covered widely in newspapers?Quit India 1942 anniversary Q14. Example of historical TV serial?Raja Shivchhatrapati Q15. Which magazine started in 1929?Pragati by Shejwalkar Q16. Example of history based TV channel?Discovery Q17. Who played Nehru in Bharat Ek Khoj?Roshan Seth Q18. Which medium combines audio & video?Television Q19. Earliest form of news in Rome?Acta Diurna Q20. Why is media important for democracy?Gives voice to people

🟡 20 Short Answer Questions

Q1. Explain meaning of Mass Media.It means communication channels reaching large audiences like newspapers, radio, TV. Q2. Role of Darpan newspaper?Created awareness on political, economic, social issues in 1830s. Q3. Importance of Kesari and Maratha?Spoke against British, encouraged nationalism, influenced people. Q4. Contribution of Dnyanoday?First to print maps, telegraph, and railway news. Q5. Role of Deenbandhu?Gave voice to Bahujans, started by Krishnarao Bhalekar. Q6. Importance of AIR?Broadcasts news, culture, programmes for all. Q7. Who named AIR as Akashvani?Poet Pandit Narendra Sharma. Q8. Contribution of Doordarshan?Launched in 1959, showed programmes and later colour TV. Q9. Explain digital journalism.Modern form of journalism using websites, social media, portals. Q10. Example of fake news incident in media history?Hitler diaries published by Stern proved fake. Q11. Importance of media in democracy?Ensures free flow of info, strengthens democracy. Q12. Why do we need critical review of media?Not all information is true, must check facts. Q13. What is Patrakar Din?Journalist Day, 6 Jan, Jambhekar’s birthday. Q14. Example of history-based show?Bharat Ek Khoj on Doordarshan. Q15. How does media use history?Prints columns like “50 years ago”, historical supplements. Q16. Contribution of Pragati journal?Started 1929 by Shejwalkar, focused on history. Q17. When was Vividh Bharati started?Later period of AIR, broadcast in many languages. Q18. How did old kingdoms spread news?By criers, decrees, inscriptions. Q19. Example of English pre-independence press?Bengal Gazette 1780. Q20. Role of television in society?Shows visuals, crosses limitation of radio and print.

📚 Textbook Exercises – Answers

Q1(A)(1). First English newspaper in India?James Augustus Hickey started Bengal Gazette. Q1(A)(2). Television is which medium?Audio-visual medium. Q1(B). Wrong pair?Prabhakar – Acharya Atre ❌ (Correct: Bhau Mahajan). Q2(1). Short note: Role of newspaper in freedom struggle.Created awareness, fought social evils, exposed British policies, motivated people (Kesari, Maratha, Deenbandhu). Q2(2). Short note: Why do we need mass media?To spread info quickly, create awareness, strengthen democracy, give people’s voice. Q2(3). Short note: Mass Media and professional opportunities.Fields: journalism, heritage, broadcasting, tourism, cultural media, digital media. Q3(1). Why review mass media info critically?Because info may be false or biased, e.g. Hitler diaries. Q3(2). Why knowledge of history essential for newspapers?For columns, supplements, comparisons, better understanding of current events. Q3(3). Why is television most popular?Because it combines sound + visuals, shows events live, reaches masses. Q4(1). AIR is part of which ministry?Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Q4(2). New name of IBC?Indian State Broadcasting Service (later AIR). Q4(3). Vividh Bharati broadcasts in?24 languages, 146 dialects. Q4(4). Who gave name Akashvani?Pandit Narendra Sharma. Q5. Concept chart: Newspapers – Began 18th century, printed info, created awareness.
Radio – Started 1927, broadcast news, AIR, Vividh Bharati.
Television – Started 1959, audiovisual, shows live visuals.