Class 10 – History & Political Science
Chapter 6: Entertainment and History
📘 20 Important Words with Meanings (Hindi)
- Entertainment – मनोरंजन (मन को प्रसन्न करने वाला साधन)
- Active Entertainment – सक्रिय मनोरंजन (जिसमें खुद भाग लेते हैं)
- Passive Entertainment – निष्क्रिय मनोरंजन (सिर्फ देखने-सुनने का)
- Puppetry – कठपुतली (लकड़ी या धागों से चलने वाले पुतले)
- Kathputali – कठपुतली (राजस्थान की कठपुतली कला)
- Sutradhara – सूत्रधार (कहानी बताने वाला कलाकार)
- Dashavatara – दशावतार (विष्णु के 10 अवतारों पर आधारित नाटक)
- Bhajan – भजन (भगवान की स्तुति में गाए गए गीत)
- Keertan – कीर्तन (संगीत और कथा आधारित धार्मिक प्रस्तुति)
- Lalit – ललित (धार्मिक उत्सवों का पुराना मनोरंजन रूप)
- Bharud – भारूड (आध्यात्मिक और नैतिक शिक्षा देने वाले गीत)
- Tamasha – तमाशा (लोकनाट्य और संगीत प्रधान कार्यक्रम)
- Powada – पोवाडा (वीरगाथा सुनाने वाला गीत)
- Marathi Theatre – मराठी रंगभूमि (नाटक मंचन की परंपरा)
- Musical Theatre – संगीत रंगभूमि (नाटक + शास्त्रीय संगीत)
- Cinema – सिनेमा (चलचित्रों के द्वारा मनोरंजन)
- Silent Movies – मूक चलचित्र (बिना आवाज़ वाली फिल्में)
- Dadasaheb Phalke – दादासाहेब फालके (भारतीय सिनेमा के जनक)
- Art Director – कला निर्देशक (मंच/फिल्म का साज-सज्जा विशेषज्ञ)
- Professional Opportunity – व्यावसायिक अवसर (काम या करियर का मौका)
📝 Important Notes
- Entertainment refreshes mind, develops personality, improves efficiency.
- Two types: Active (sports, hobbies) & Passive (watching movies, music).
- Folk Theatre: Puppetry (Kathputali), Dashavatara, Bhajan, Keertan, Lalit, Bharud, Tamasha, Powada.
- Marathi Theatre began with Vishnudas Bhave’s Seetaswayamvar.
- Musical theatre enriched by Kirloskar Mandali (Sangeet Shakuntal).
- Important playwrights: Deval, Khadilkar, Gadkari, Atre, Tendulkar.
- Indian cinema: First full film Raja Harishchandra (1913) by Dadasaheb Phalke.
- Other contributors: Baburao Painter, Dadasaheb Torane, Prabhat Company.
- Famous Marathi plays: Raygadala Jevha Jag Yete, Ghashiram Kotwal, Natasamrat.
- Sant Tukaram movie received international award in Paris.
- Films division created for documentaries after independence.
- Professional opportunities: Art directors, scriptwriters, historians in theatre & cinema.
🔴 20 One Word Answer Questions
Q1. Two types of entertainment?Active and Passive. Q2. What is Kathputali?Traditional puppetry of Rajasthan. Q3. Who is sutradhara?Narrator of puppet shows. Q4. Dashavatara is based on?10 incarnations of Vishnu. Q5. Who started Dashavatara phad?Shyamji Naik Kale. Q6. Who is father of Marathi theatre?Vishnudas Bhave. Q7. First play of Vishnudas Bhave?Seetaswayamvar. Q8. Who wrote Sangeet Shakuntal?Annasaheb Kirloskar. Q9. Who wrote Sharada?Govind Ballal Deval. Q10. Author of Ekach Pyala?Ram Ganesh Gadkari. Q11. Who wrote Keechakvadh?Khadilkar. Q12. Who wrote Natasamrat?V.V. Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj). Q13. First Indian feature film?Raja Harishchandra (1913). Q14. Who made Sairandhri?Baburao Painter. Q15. Sant Tukaram film shown in?Paris film festival. Q16. First silent movie in India?Pundalik (1912). Q17. First woman film producer?Kamalabai Mangarulkar. Q18. Who is called father of Indian cinema?Dadasaheb Phalke. Q19. Who made Simhgarh film?Baburao Painter. Q20. What is Powada?Ballad narrating heroic deeds.🟠 20 Very Short Answer Questions
Q1. Define entertainment.Anything refreshing mind and giving happiness. Q2. Example of active entertainment?Sports, handicrafts. Q3. Example of passive entertainment?Watching movies. Q4. Which sect promoted Bhajan-Keertan?Varkari sect. Q5. Who introduced Khanjiri Bhajan?Tukadoji Maharaj. Q6. Two types of Bhajan?Chakri and Songi Bhajan. Q7. Founder of Keertan tradition?Naradmuni (mythological). Q8. First Keertankar of Maharashtra?Saint Namdev. Q9. Who started Rashtriya Keertan?Dattopant Patwardhan. Q10. Who used Keertan for social reform?Mahatma Phule, Gadge Maharaj. Q11. Who composed Bharud?Saint Eknath. Q12. What does Tamasha mean?A pleasing sight. Q13. Two types of Tamasha?Sangeet Bari and Dholakicha Phad. Q14. Example of Tamasha play?Gadhavache Lagna. Q15. Powada during Shivaji’s time?Killing of Afzal Khan. Q16. Who wrote Thorale Madhavrao Peshwe?V.J. Kirtane (1861). Q17. Who is Balgandharva?Narayanrao Rajahamsa. Q18. First colour Marathi film?Sairandhri (1918). Q19. Which studio made Ramshastri film?Prabhat Company. Q20. Internationally acclaimed Marathi film?Sant Tukaram.🟡 20 Short Answer Questions
Q1. Why do we need entertainment?It refreshes mind, keeps us active, develops personality, improves work efficiency. Q2. What is folk theatre?Traditional drama forms like Kathputali, Dashavatara, Tamasha. Q3. Importance of Dashavatara?Based on Vishnu’s avatars, popular in Konkan-Goa, origin of Marathi theatre. Q4. Features of Bhajan?Devotional singing with taal, mridang, types: Chakri & Songi. Q5. Contribution of Keertan?Spread devotion, later used for social reform and nationalism. Q6. What is Lalit?Old entertainment form linked with Naradiya Keertan, popular in Konkan-Goa. Q7. What is Bharud?Spiritual and ethical songs composed by Eknath with humour. Q8. Describe Tamasha.Folk drama with music/dance, types: Sangeet Bari & Phad. Q9. What is Powada?Ballad narrating heroic deeds, inspired Shivaji’s followers and freedom fighters. Q10. Role of Vishnudas Bhave?Father of Marathi theatre, first play Seetaswayamvar. Q11. Contribution of Kirloskar Mandali?Started musical plays like Sangeet Shakuntal, made musical theatre popular. Q12. Importance of Sharada play?By Deval, criticized social evil of child marriage. Q13. What is Keechakvadh?Political metaphorical play against British, by Khadilkar. Q14. What is Natasamrat?Play by Kusumagraj, inspired by King Lear, about tragic actor. Q15. Contribution of Dadasaheb Phalke?Made Raja Harishchandra (1913), father of Indian cinema. Q16. Contribution of Baburao Painter?Made historical films like Simhgarh, pioneered colour films. Q17. Which Marathi movie got international award?Sant Tukaram at Paris festival. Q18. Role of Prabhat Company?Produced Ramshastri and other historical/social films. Q19. Why is Maharashtra land of cinema?Because pioneers like Phalke, Painter, Torane worked here. Q20. Career opportunities in entertainment?Historians as consultants, art directors, writers in drama/film.📚 Textbook Exercises – Perfect Answers
Q1(A)(1). First Keertankar in Maharashtra?Saint Namdev. Q1(A)(2). Baburao Painter made which movie?Sairandhri. Q1(B). Wrong pair?Ekach Pyala – Annasaheb Kirloskar ❌ (Correct: Ram Ganesh Gadkari). Q2. Short note: Need of entertainment.Entertainment refreshes, improves efficiency, develops personality, keeps society culturally rich. Q2. Short note: Marathi Theatre.Started by Vishnudas Bhave, later enriched by Kirloskar, Gadkari, Atre, Kusumagraj, Tendulkar. Q2. Short note: Entertainment and professional opportunities.Experts in history can work as art directors, writers, consultants in drama and cinema. Q3(1). Why expertise in history important in film industry?For accuracy in costumes, dialogues, backdrops of historical films. Q3(2). Why Bharuds by Eknath are popular?Simple, humorous, rhythmic, teach moral and spiritual lessons. Q5(1). Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete author?Vasant Kanetkar. Q5(2). Tilak Ani Agarkar author?Vishram Bedekar. Q5(3). Sashtang Namaskar author?Acharya Atre. Q5(4). Ekach Pyala author?Ram Ganesh Gadkari. Q6(1). Why is Maharashtra known as land of Indian cinema?Because pioneers like Phalke, Painter, Torane developed cinema here. Q6(2). What is Powada?Dramatic narration of heroic deeds in poetic-prose style, inspiring masses.Class 10 History – Chapter 6
Exercise Answers
Q1(A)(1). ……… are supposed to be the first keertankar in Maharashtra. Correct Answer: (c) Saint Namdev. Q1(A)(2). Baburao Painter made the movie ……….. Correct Answer: (c) Sairandhri. Q1(B). Identify and write the wrong pair. Wrong Pair: Ekach Pyala – Annasaheb Kirloskar ❌Correct Pair: Ekach Pyala – Ram Ganesh Gadkari. Q4(1). Write short note: Need of Entertainment. Entertainment refreshes the mind, keeps a person energetic, improves efficiency and develops personality. Festivals, sports, music, dance and drama were traditional forms, while cinema, television and games are modern forms. Q4(2). Write short note: Marathi Theatre. Marathi theatre began with Vishnudas Bhave’s play Seetaswayamvar. Later playwrights like Annasaheb Kirloskar, Deval, Gadkari, Atre and Kusumagraj enriched it. Plays included mythological, social and musical themes, making it a strong cultural tradition. Q4(3). Write short note: Entertainment and professional opportunities. Historians can work as art directors, consultants, script and dialogue advisors for films and drama. Knowledge of history ensures accuracy in costumes, backdrops, language and cultural presentation, creating professional opportunities in the entertainment industry. Q5(1). Explain: Expertise in history is important in the film industry. Historical knowledge ensures authenticity in costumes, dialogues, sets, jewellery and cultural practices shown in films. Without this expertise, films cannot represent the correct historical period effectively. Q5(2). Explain: Bharuds composed by Saint Eknath are popular in Maharashtra. Saint Eknath’s Bharuds were simple, rhythmic, humorous and full of spiritual as well as moral lessons. They touched daily life issues in an easy style, which made them very popular among common people. Q5(1). Who wrote Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete? Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete was written by Vasant Kanetkar. It is a historical Marathi play. Q5(2). Who wrote Tilak Ani Agarkar? Tilak Ani Agarkar was written by Vishram Bedekar. It presents ideological differences between the two leaders. Q5(3). Who wrote Sashtang Namaskar? Sashtang Namaskar was written by Acharya Atre. It deals with contemporary social-political issues. Q5(4). Who wrote Ekach Pyala? Ekach Pyala was written by Ram Ganesh Gadkari. It criticizes addiction to alcohol in society. Q2. Complete the following chart.
| Form | Characteristics | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Bhajan | Devotional songs in praise of God | Chakri Bhajan, Songi Bhajan |
| Keertan | Musical narration of stories with devotion and humour | Varkari Keertan, Rashtriya Keertan |
| Lalit | Old entertainment form during festivals, theatrical style | Stories of Krishna, Rama presented in Goa-Konkan |
| Bharud | Metaphorical songs teaching ethics and spirituality | Bharuds by Saint Eknath |